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In high-precision celestial navigation, star map recognition algorithms are crucial. We identified limitations in the classical grid star map recognition algorithm (CGSMRA) concerning star sorting method, selection strategy, scoring criterion, and screening mechanisms. To address these, we developed a multidimensional optimization-improved grid star map recognition algorithm (MOIGSMRA). We evaluated MOIGSMRA through five experiments: template matching efficiency, companion star recognition, recognition accuracy, attitude determination accuracy, and overall performance. Compared to CGSMRA, MOIGSMRA demonstrated superior results. This study offers a method to optimize attitude determination algorithms for star sensors and provides a theoretical and experimental foundation for improving star recognition accuracy.
In high-precision celestial navigation, star map recognition algorithms are crucial. We identified limitations in the classical grid star map recognition algorithm (CGSMRA) concerning star sorting method, selection strategy, scoring criterion, and screening mechanisms. To address these, we developed a multidimensional optimization-improved grid star map recognition algorithm (MOIGSMRA). We evaluated MOIGSMRA through five experiments: template matching efficiency, companion star recognition, recognition accuracy, attitude determination accuracy, and overall performance. Compared to CGSMRA, MOIGSMRA demonstrated superior results. This study offers a method to optimize attitude determination algorithms for star sensors and provides a theoretical and experimental foundation for improving star recognition accuracy.
The scanning interference field exposure technique is an effective method to fabricate holographic diffraction gratings with meter-level size and nano-level precision. The main problems of making large-aperture and high-precision gratings by this technique are the high-precision displacement measurement of the stage, the high-precision control of the interference field and the real time compensation of the grating phase deviation. In this paper, the influence of grating grooves position error on the wavefront aberration is analyzed. In order to improve the precision of the stage with displacement range more than one meter, an integrated displacement measurement combining grating sensing and laser interferometry is proposed, which suppresses the influence of environment on measurement precision under long displacement range. An interference fringes measurement method is proposed, which combines the diffraction characteristics of the measuring grating with the phase shift algorithm. By controlling the direction, period and phase nonlinear errors of the interference fringes, high quality interferometric field can be obtained. Further, a dynamic phase-locking model is established by using heterodyne interferometry to compensate grating phase deviation caused by stage motion error in real time. A grating with the aperture of 1500 mm × 420 mm is fabricated. The diffraction wavefront aberration reaches 0.327λ @ 632.8 nm and the wavefront gradient reaches 16.444 nm/cm. This research presents a novel technique for the fabrication of meter-size and nano-precision holographic gratings, which would further promote the development of chirped pulse amplification systems, high-energy laser and ultra-high precision displacement measurement and other fields.
Optical fibers serve as a bridge to transmit starlight into the spectrograph in fiber spectral surveys. Due to the interference between multiple modes supported within the fiber, a granular speckle pattern appears on the end of the fiber and leads to an uneven and random energy distribution in the spectrum. This effect is called mode noise, which reduces the accuracy of high-resolution spectral detection. This work investigates the influence of transmitted mode numbers on speckle patterns by using fibers with different core diameters and numerical apertures. A reciprocating mechanical scrambler is proposed for suppressing near-field speckles with negligible focal ratio degradation. We use centroid offset and radial power spectrum to quantitatively evaluate the characteristics of the speckles with and without scrambling. Experimental results show that more modes in a fiber with a larger core diameter reduce the centroid offset of the speckle and make the energy distribution more uniform. The mechanical mode scrambler significantly reduces the random centroid deviation caused by speckles, which is more obvious for large-core fibers. The standard deviation of centroid offset in 1000-cycle tests for the 160 µm core fiber is only 0.043 µm, which is one-tenth of that for the 16 µm core fiber. However, in solar spectrum measurement using these fibers, small-core fibers can more easily achieve higher spectral resolution and capture more spectral information. Therefore, large-core fibers are suitable for tasks requiring high accuracy, while fibers with a smaller core diameter should be applied for high-precision spectral measurement.
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