Research on risk, safety, and reliability of autonomous ships: A bibliometric review

Chaal, Meriam; Ren, Xuefei; BahooToroody, Ahmad; Basnet, Sunil; Bolbot, Victor; Banda, Osiris A. Valdez; Gelder, Pieter van

doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2023.106256

Cited by 31 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…It is concluded that the implementation of autonomy on small cargo vessels under 120 m in length will have the greatest safety benefit, as these vessels account for the majority of recorded ship and life losses. Chaal et al [19] This study conducts a bibliometric analysis of 417 publications on the safety of autonomous ships and suggests three main themes in this research domain: "safety engineering and risk assessment for decision making", "navigation safety and collision avoidance", and "cybersecurity risk analysis".…”

Section: Category Year Author(s) Insightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Key Issues in Integration of Autonomous Ships in Container Ports: A Machine-Learning-Based Systematic Literature Review

Hirata,

Hansen

2024

Logistics

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Background: Autonomous ships have the potential to increase operational efficiency and reduce carbon footprints through technology and innovation. However, there is no comprehensive literature review of all the different types of papers related to autonomous ships, especially with regard to their integration with ports. This paper takes a systematic review approach to extract and summarize the main topics related to autonomous ships in the fields of container shipping and port management. Methods: A machine learning method is used to extract the main topics from more than 2000 journal publications indexed in WoS and Scopus. Results: The research findings highlight key issues related to technology, cybersecurity, data governance, regulations, and legal frameworks, providing a different perspective compared to human manual reviews of papers. Conclusions: Our search results confirm several recommendations. First, from a technological perspective, it is advised to increase support for the research and development of autonomous underwater vehicles and unmanned aerial vehicles, establish safety standards, mandate testing of wave model evaluation systems, and promote international standardization. Second, from a cyber–physical systems perspective, efforts should be made to strengthen logistics and supply chains for autonomous ships, establish data governance protocols, enforce strict control over IoT device data, and strengthen cybersecurity measures. Third, from an environmental perspective, measures should be implemented to address the environmental impact of autonomous ships. This can be achieved by promoting international agreements from a global societal standpoint and clarifying the legal framework regarding liability in the event of accidents.

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Section: Category Year Author(s) Insightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Key Issues in Integration of Autonomous Ships in Container Ports: A Machine-Learning-Based Systematic Literature Review

Hirata,

Hansen

2024

Logistics

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“…The progress of maritime systems and maritime communication technology has led to the emergence of autonomous navigation systems that are capable of recognizing, managing, and operating in a ship's surroundings at sea [1][2][3][4]. In particular, as the number of ships, volume of international trade, and demand for various maritime services (e.g., maritime navigation, environmental protection, navigational safety, security, logistics, rescue, etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Block-based Self-organizing TDMA for Reliable VDES in SANETs

2024

KSII TIIS

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This paper proposes a block-based self-organizing time-division multiple access (BSO-TDMA) protocol for very high frequency (VHF) data exchange system (VDES) in shipborne ad-hoc networks (SANETs). The BSO-TDMA reduces the collisions caused by the simultaneous transmission of automatic identification system (AIS) messages by uniformly allocating channel resources using a block-wise frame. For this purpose, the BSO-TDMA includes two functional operations: (1) frame configuration and (2) slot allocation. The first operation consists of block division and block selection. A frame is divided into multiple blocks, each consisting of fixed-size subblocks, by using the reporting interval (RI) of the ship. Then, the ship selects one of the subblocks within a block by considering the number of occupied slots for each subblock. The second operation allocates the slots within the selected subblock for transmitting AIS messages. First, one of the unoccupied slots within the selected subblock is allocated for the periodic transmission of position reports. Next, to transmit various types of AIS messages, an unoccupied slot is randomly selected from candidate slots located around the previously allocated slot. Experimental simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of BSO-TDMA. The results show that BSO-TDMA has better performance than that of the existing SOTDMA.

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“…Recently, planning-based methods have been widely applied in various fields [ 20 ], including artificial intelligence [ 21 ], robotics [ 22 ], and operations research [ 23 , 24 ]. These methods are especially applicable in complex and dynamic environments where coordination of multiple actions is required to achieve the goal [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk-Sensitive Markov Decision Processes of USV Trajectory Planning with Time-Limited Budget

Ding,

Zhu

2023

Sensors

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Trajectory planning plays a crucial role in ensuring the safe navigation of ships, as it involves complex decision making influenced by various factors. This paper presents a heuristic algorithm, named the Markov decision process Heuristic Algorithm (MHA), for time-optimized avoidance of Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs) based on a Risk-Sensitive Markov decision process model. The proposed method utilizes the Risk-Sensitive Markov decision process model to generate a set of states within the USV collision avoidance search space. These states are determined based on the reachable locations and directions considering the time cost associated with the set of actions. By incorporating an enhanced reward function and a constraint time-dependent cost function, the USV can effectively plan practical motion paths that align with its actual time constraints. Experimental results demonstrate that the MHA algorithm enables decision makers to evaluate the trade-off between the budget and the probability of achieving the goal within the given budget. Moreover, the local stochastic optimization criterion assists the agent in selecting collision avoidance paths without significantly increasing the risk of collision.

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Research on risk, safety, and reliability of autonomous ships: A bibliometric review

Cited by 31 publications

References 82 publications

Identifying Key Issues in Integration of Autonomous Ships in Container Ports: A Machine-Learning-Based Systematic Literature Review

Identifying Key Issues in Integration of Autonomous Ships in Container Ports: A Machine-Learning-Based Systematic Literature Review

Block-based Self-organizing TDMA for Reliable VDES in SANETs

Risk-Sensitive Markov Decision Processes of USV Trajectory Planning with Time-Limited Budget

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