Research on the Coordination between Agricultural Production and Environmental Protection in Kazakhstan Based on the Rationality of the Objective Weighting Method

Abstract

In the context of sustainable development, agricultural production and environmental protection are inseparable, and environmental quality directly affects regional agricultural production safety. Kazakhstan is the largest food producer and exporter in Central Asia, and the quality of its agricultural environment is of great significance to international food security. This study focuses on the rationality of the entropy weight, factor weight, and CRITIC weight in the agricultural environmental evaluation within the common objective weight method, and comprehensively evaluates the coordination of environmental protection and agricultural production in Kazakhstan. The results show that (1) CRITIC weights are the most stable, followed by factor weights, while entropy weighting is the most unstable; objective weighting methods have their limitations and must be related to actual conditions and subjective experience. (2) The level of environmental protection and the degree of coordination are most problematic near the Aral Sea, followed by the remaining western region; the results reveal that these evaluation indexs are also insufficient at Kostany and Karagandy in the central region; this is caused by historical issues, climate change, natural conditions, and agricultural management patterns. Investment in environmental protection and agricultural production management should be coordinated in a targeted manner. (3) Except for the areas near the Aral Sea, the level of agricultural production in other states is very promising. This research serves as a reference for environmental assessment research, environmental governance investment, and agricultural production management in Kazakhstan.

The Relevance of Sustainable Development of Forest Resource Reproduction in Kazakhstan

“…In addition, they described recent actions taken by public authorities in this direction. In turn, the interaction between environmental development and agricultural development was noted by D. Wang et al 6) . Scientists wrote about Kazakhstan as an important country in the international context in terms of food provision and, thus, the role of environmental security for it.…”

“…There are several international organizations that can be involved in solving difficulties related to sustainable forest development. These include the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the United Nations Forum on Forests (UNFF), the European Timber Trade Federation (ETTF), the International Council of Forest and Paper Associations (ICFPA), and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) 6) . These organizations promote sustainable forest management, strengthen long-term political commitment, and provide financial assistance and technology transfer for sustainable forest development.…”

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“…(5) Aktobe, West Kazakhstan, and Atyrau should plant potatoes as this crop has a low ecological footprint and is the most resistant to harsh environmental conditions. These states are close to the Aral Sea and have serious soil degradation [10]. ( 6) East Kazakhstan makes flexible choices according to people's food needs.…”

“…Currently, Kazakhstan continues to implement extensive agricultural production management strategies [9]. However, inadequate irrigation capabilities and a fragile ecological environment remain an issue [10].…”

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