Research on the flooding routing arithmetic of wireless sensor networks based on solar-blind UV light

Abstract

In this paper the solar-blind ultraviolet (UV) light is used as communication medium for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Three types of single scattering UV communication models are introduced and a directional flooding model is proposed, which are based on the directionality of the UV communication and the traditional flooding routing model. The delay, delay jitter, throughput and energy consumption of the three types of communications of the new model are simulated and compared. The results indicate that the proposed directional flooding model can effectively avoid the unidirectionality and the blindness of the traditional flooding broadcast messages. The energy consumption of nodes in the network is reduced and the life cycle of the network is extended.The ultraviolet light communication is a kind of wireless optical communication by the scattering, which can realize the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) communication [1] . And it is suitable for short distance communication, and is not easily interfered and captured [2][3][4] , since the attenuation of ultraviolet light in the atmosphere is high.The research on routing protocol is important in the wireless sensor network (WSN). At present, the routing protocols in WSNs can be divided into flat-based routing protocol and hierarchical routing protocol. The flooding routing protocol is one of the flat routing protocols, and it does not need to maintain routing information, distributes data rapidly, and can guarantee the robustness of the network. However, there are extensive unusable duplicate messages in the flooding process of the traditional flooding routing protocol. Some improved schemes are presented [5][6][7][8] . The modified arithmetic can enhance energy availability, and can effectively reduce the redundant data packets, but it increases the time delay, transmission cost or arithmetic complexity. Based on the location information of the node, a directional flooding routing arithmetic is proposed by using the directionality of ultraviolet light wireless communication. The realization of it is easy, and the transmission cost is small. Hence, it can curb * This work has been supported by the the redundant information of flooding broadcast, save the node's energy and prolong the life cycle of the entire network.Because of the Rayleigh scattering and the Mie scattering, the "solar-blind" ultraviolet light is attenuated rapidly in the atmospheric transmission. However, the scattering transmission path can bypass the artificial and natural obstacles, realizing the no-line-of-sight communication [9][10][11] .There are three types of communication modes, depending on the angle between the optical axis and the horizontal axis ( Fig.1). They are NLOS (a), NLOS (b) and NLOS (c), respectively. Fig.1 NLOS communication modes of the ultraviolet light [11]Tab.1 indicates the performance comparison of the three types of communication modes.The traditional flooding model [5] has a serious waste of

Enhanced Clustering MAC Protocol Based on Learning Automata for UV Networks

“…If it was not, this indicated that CN t s had been allocated too many intracluster time slots. This action was penalized, with the corresponding probability being reduced according to (2). Then, CL polled the next cluster node CN t s + 1 from list L t , and the same polling process was repeated.…”

“…Ultraviolet (UV) networks are mobile networks that use UV radiation as communication carriers to realize wireless multi-hop communication among UV communication terminals [1]. These networks can be applied to military networks, emergency services, disaster recovery, and other complex electromagnetic environments due to their excellent non-line-of-sight (NLOS) communication, high security, and all-weather operation [2]. The secure properties of UV networks include strong anti-interference abilities, good confidentiality, and low position resolutions [3]; thus, they have recently become a research hotspot [4].…”

“…(1) An enhanced clustering TDMA MAC protocol based on LA (CL-LA MAC) was proposed for UV networks, wherein the network topology of the clustering mechanism and dynamic slot allocation of the RL algorithm were combined. (2) The variation of the cache queue length was mathematically analyzed using a Markov chain (MC), and the stable cache probability distributions for CL and CN were derived separately to analyze the network performance. (3) The effects of the network topology, class of service, and number of CNs on the network performance under the CL-LA MAC protocol were analyzed.…”

Component‐wise variable step‐size diffusion least mean square algorithm for distributed estimation

“…In distributed estimation, each node in the network exchanges data with its neighbouring nodes as a local processing center to estimate some parameters of interest. Compared to centralised estimation in which a fusion center is needed for receiving and processing data from all agents in the network, distributed estimation reduces energy consumption, and is insensitive to the failure of the fusion center [1–3]. In terms of cooperation strategy among nodes in the network, distributed estimation algorithms are generally classified into the diffusion kind [4–15] and the incremental kind [16–18].…”