Research on the Influence of Smartphone Navigation on Driving Behavior Based on Real Vehicle Driving

Abstract

This paper discusses a study of the influence of different positions and modes of smartphone navigation devices on driving behavior based on real vehicle driving. Twenty professional drivers participated in the experiment in free-flowing traffic and good weather conditions. The eye movement and vehicle control data obtained in the experiment were used as indicators for evaluation. Comparison of the mean, variance, and significance analysis shows that a smartphone navigation device placed on the right side of the car dashboard (position 1) has less impact on driving behavior than when placed above the air conditioning vent (position 2). A smaller angle of view can increase the fixation frequency and the length of time that the driver spends looking out the windshield and reduce the range and time spent in glancing at the navigation device. Using only sound navigation (the audio group in this paper) has the least influence on driving behavior because the driver’s visual attention is not transferred inside the vehicle rather than on the road ahead, and the vehicle is operated in the most stable state. These findings have practical significance for reducing the negative influence of smartphone navigation.

Visual Impairment and Risk of Self-Reported Road Traffic Crashes Among Bus Drivers in Bangladesh

“…Our results are consistent with a smaller study (n ¼ 120) in Pakistan 7 showing refractive errors are common among bus drivers and are associated with increased risk of traffic crashes. Further, the 18.0% figure we observed for drivers not meeting vision standards for licensure is similar to the range of 11.5 to 18.8% reported for commercial drivers by studies in Nigeria, 8,18,21 Ghana, 12 and India. 22 While the importance of vision to safe driving is generally agreed, reports vary with respect to the existence of an association between distance visual acuity and road traffic crashes.…”

“…While the importance of vision to safe driving is generally agreed, reports vary with respect to the existence of an association between distance visual acuity and road traffic crashes. Studies in India 11,22 and Pakistan 7 reported an association between vision impairment, refractive error or visual field defects and increased risk of road traffic crashes, consistent with our findings, while a number of African studies found no such association 8,12,18,21 . This variation may reflect differences in the definition of impairment and ascertainment of crash events, or in variable infrastructure conditions and road safety legislation between countries and regions.…”

“…Though driving is often thought of as depending primarily on distance vision, smartphones and other navigation aids have become more common among drivers, 15,16 and their use is impaired among those with uncorrected presbyopia, 17 likely distracting their attention from the road and increasing crash risk. Studies confirm that navigation aids are a visual distraction while driving 18 and correcting near vision can reduce the time needed to acquire information from in-vehicle devices, 19 decreasing distraction time. Unfortunately, data on the use of navigation aids were not available in our study.…”

“…Studies in India 11,22 and Pakistan 7 reported an association between vision impairment, refractive error or visual field defects and increased risk of road traffic crashes, consistent with our findings, while a number of African studies found no such association. 8,12,18,21 This variation may reflect differences in the definition of impairment and ascertainment of crash events, or in variable infrastructure conditions and road safety legislation between countries and regions. This study has several important messages for traffic policymakers.…”

Effects of mobile phone-related distraction on driving performance at roundabouts: Eye movements tracking perspective

“…These findings relate to Dong et al [ 42 ] study comparing the effect of the mobile phone position on the drivers’ fixation and driving performance. The authors found that placing the mobile phone above the AC vent prompts drivers to switch their heads between the road ahead and the mobile phone.…”