Research on the wear characteristics of hypereutectoid steel

Marui, Etsuo; Hasegawa, Norihiko; Endo, Hiroki; Tanaka, Kichinosuke; Hattori, Taiji

doi:10.1016/s0043-1648(96)07316-4

Cited by 41 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This is similar to our experimental results, with the difference being that the former researchers did not consider that there is a transitional region from oxidation-dominated mild wear to severe wear. E. Marui et al studied the wear characteristics of hypereutectoid steel from room temperature to 400°C [14]. They pointed out that iron oxide film is not main factor in determining the wear behavior of hypereutectoid steel under severe conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transition of Mild Wear to Severe Wear in Oxidative Wear of H21 Steel

et al. 2008

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Under atmospheric conditions at 400°C, we studied the wear mechanism of H21 steel with different tempering states as a function of normal load. Typical oxidative wear was identified by X-ray diffraction patterns with predominant tribo-oxides of Fe 3 O 4 and Fe 2 O 3 . Under loads of 50-100 N, mild oxidative wear prevailed for all samples, such that the wear losses of H21 steel with various tempering states showed no significant differences with characteristics of a slight plastic deformation of the substrate and single-layer oxide. In this case, the wear rate was lower, and the tribo-oxide was decisive factor in determining wear rate. Under loads of 150-200 N, the transition of mild wear to severe wear occurred in H21 steel and was characterized by: (1) a significant difference of wear losses for steel with various tempering states; (2) wear loss that started to increase faster and reached a relatively high level; (3) the appearance of significant plastic deformation in the oxide underneath the substrate and multi-layer tribooxide. Under a load of 200 N for the steel tempered at 700°C, plastic extrusion prevailed with a mixed metaloxide layer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transition of Mild Wear to Severe Wear in Oxidative Wear of H21 Steel

et al. 2008

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“…In such a condition, this wear was still oxidation-related wear, but the wear mechanism would be beyond the mild oxidative wear. [23,30,31] It is understandable that the onset of the oxidative wear in tempered martensite and tempered troostite requires a higher load than in tempered sorbite.…”

Section: Mild Oxidative Wearmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wear Behavior and Mechanism of a Cr-Mo-V Cast Hot-Working Die Steel

Wei

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2010

Metall Mater Trans A

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The wear behavior and mechanisms of a Cr-Mo-V cast hot-working die steel with three microstructures (tempered martensite, troostite, and sorbite) were studied systematically through the dry-sliding wear tests within a normal load range of 50 to 300 N and an ambient temperature range of 298 K to 673 K (25°C to 400°C) by a pin-on-disk high-temperature wear machine. Five different mechanisms were observed in the experiments, namely adhesive, abrasive, mild oxidative, oxidative, and extrusive wear; one or more of those mechanisms would be dominant within particular ranges of load and temperature. The transition of wear mechanisms depended on the formation of tribo-oxides, which was related closely to load and temperature, and their delamination, which was mainly influenced by the matrix. By increasing the load and ambient temperature, the protective effect of tribo-oxides first strengthened, then decreased, and in some cases disappeared. Under a load ranging 50 to 300 N at 298 K (25°C) and a load of 50 N at 473 K (200°C), adhesive wear was the dominant wear mechanism, and abrasive wear appeared simultaneously. The wear was of mild oxidative type under a load ranging 100 to 300 N at 473 K (200°C) and a load ranging 50 to 150 N at 673 K (400°C) for tempered martensite and tempered troostite as well as under a load of 100 N at 473 K (200°C) and a load ranging 50 to 100 N at 673 K (400°C) for tempered sorbite. At the load of 200 N or greater, or the temperatures above 673 K (400°C), oxidative wear (beyond mild oxidative wear) prevailed. When the highest load of 300 N at 673 K (400°C) was applied, extrusive wear started to dominate for the tempered sorbite.

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“…Otherwise, the severe wear occurs. 23) As a result, the thermal strength and stability is keys to binding between oxide film and matrix during elevated-temperature wear. Table 2 lists the tensile strength data of the new-developed cast steel under different temperatures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Newly-developed High Wear Resistant Cast Hot-forging Die Steel

Wang

Chen

et al. 2007

ISIJ Int.

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The alloying design of the cast hot-forging die steels was analyzed. The key property and parameters for the alloying design were selected. The cast hot-forging die steel with high wear resistance was developed through optimizing the parameters. The wear resistance of the newly-developed cast die steel was evaluated in comparison with commercial H13 steels and 3Cr2W8V steel. The wear mechanism is also discussed. The newly-developed cast die steel takes VC as predominant carbide with solid solution strengthening of Cr and Mo. The cast die steel was found to have significantly lower wear rate than normal H13 steel and 3Cr2W8V steel, and almost the same wear rate as high-purified H13 steel. The high wear resistance of the new-developed cast die steel could be attributed to the reasonable alloying design and no sensitivity to detrimental function of S and P. Under the elevated-temperature air at 400°C, the wear for the cast die steels and commercial hot-forging die steels is a typical oxidation wear.KEY WORDS: hot-forging die; cast steel; wear resistance; oxidation wear. 3Cr2W8V steel was austenitized 1 060°C for 1 h and cooled in oil, finally tempered at 620°C or 660°C for 2 h.The wear tests were performed on a uni-directional pinon-disk high-temperature wear tester (MG-2000 type, made by Xuan Hua material testing machine factory of China). The wear test rig used in this study has been described in detail elsewhere.11) All wear tests were carried out at 400°C without lubrication. The test parameters were selected as follows: 100 N for norm load; 1 ms Ϫ1 for sliding speed and 1.8ϫ10 3 m for sliding distance. Pins with dimensions of F6 mmϫ12 mm are made of the studied cast steels and commercial die steels. The disks with dimensions of F70 mmϫ8 mm are made of D2 steel with 58HRC.Before test, pins and disks were polished and degreased. The pin specimens were cleaned with acetone and dried before and after test for weighting wear loss by a balance with an accuracy of 0.01 mg. The wear rates were calculated in term of the formula: WsϭDV/P · d, Where DV is wear volume loss (m 3 ), i.e. wear weight loss divided by density; d is sliding distance (m), P is load (N). All the data were average values for three or five wear experimental results.The morphology, composition and structure of worn surface or wear debris were analyzed with an AMRA-1000B type scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with an energy-dipersive X-ray spectroscope (EDS) and a D/Max-2500/pc type X-ray diffractometer (XRD). Thin foil samples for the cast steel were prepared for observing the microstructures using a Hitachi H-800 transmission electron microscope. The hardness and strength were measured with a HRC150 type durometer and a 1 196 type multipurpose tester respectively. Alloying Design for Cast Hot-forging Die Steels Analysis of Alloying DesignGenerally the high toughness was thought to be needed to forbid brittle fracture for application of the cast hot-forging die steels. Thus the improved toughness of the steels was always the basis of the al...

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Research on the wear characteristics of hypereutectoid steel

Cited by 41 publications

References 17 publications

Transition of Mild Wear to Severe Wear in Oxidative Wear of H21 Steel

Transition of Mild Wear to Severe Wear in Oxidative Wear of H21 Steel

Wear Behavior and Mechanism of a Cr-Mo-V Cast Hot-Working Die Steel

A Newly-developed High Wear Resistant Cast Hot-forging Die Steel

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