Transition of Mild Wear to Severe Wear in Oxidative Wear of H21 Steel

Wang, S. Q.; Wei, M. X.; Wang, F.; Cui, Xianghong; Dong, Chen

doi:10.1007/s11249-008-9361-y

Cited by 52 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Some research has reported that multi-layer tribooxides would appear in severe conditions [5,6]. We also found in the prior studies that when multi-layer tribo-oxides formed under a high load, the wear rate was high [11,12]. It is clear that multi-layer tribo-oxides did not prevent wear, and even accelerated wear.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Thereafter, oxidation would occur not only on the worn surface but also in the substrate by diffusion of oxygen and direct contact with oxygen through cracks in the plastically deformed matrix. Consequently, a multi-layer oxide would appear [12].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, oxidation wear is identified by the existence of tribo-oxides on worn surfaces [8][9][10]. Indeed, tribo-oxides have been reported not to always prevent from wear in some studies [12,13]. Thus, popularly called oxidative wear would present different wear characteristics despite the existence of tribo-oxides [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis for Wear Behaviors of Oxidative Wear

et al. 2011

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Sliding wear tests were performed for H13 steel and a cast steel under atmospheric conditions of 25, 200, and 400°C. XRD results identify that oxidative wear prevailed for the steels during sliding at 200-400°C. However, the oxidative wear at 200°C presented entirely different wear behaviors from the one at 400°C. With an increase of load, the oxidative wear at 200°C exhibited slowly increased and lower wear rates, despite relatively less tribooxides. On the contrary, although there were more tribooxides, the oxidative wear at 400°C presented rapidly increased and higher wear rates. The former oxidative wear could be classified into mild wear; the latter one fell beyond mild wear. The two types of oxidative wear universally existed; their discrepancies were mainly attributed not to the tribo-oxides, but to the extent of softening and deformation of substrate. Hence, we suggested that the two types of oxidative wear should be distinguished in the coming research, and were termed oxidative mild wear and oxidative wear, respectively.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis for Wear Behaviors of Oxidative Wear

et al. 2011

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“…On this occasion, the wear conditions were considered to be beyond those of mild oxidative wear. Wang et al (Ref 10,16,19,20) defined this type of wear mechanism as the transition from mild oxidative wear to severe oxidative wear. Owing to its high temper stability, the matrix of the SDCM-SS steel still maintained a high hardness of approximately 510 HV, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Worn Surface and Subsurfacementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, severe oxidative wear should be limited or avoided during the service life of hot-work die steel. Under harsh conditions, the transition from mild to severe wear often occurs because of dry sliding friction, particularly at high temperature (Ref [16][17][18][19]. Controlling and avoiding the transition from mild to severe oxidative wear has great theoretical significance for engineering applications involving steel and iron materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wear Resistance of H13 and a New Hot-Work Die Steel at High temperature

Chen

et al. 2016

J. of Materi Eng and Perform

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The friction and wear behaviors of a new hot-work die steel, SDCM-SS, were studied at high temperature under dry air conditions. The wear mechanism and microstructural characteristics of the SDCM-SS steel were also investigated. The results showed that the SDCM-SS steel had greater wear resistance compared with H13 steel; this was owed to its high oxidizability and temper stability. These features facilitate the generation, growth, and maintenance of a tribo-oxide layer at high temperature under relatively stable conditions. The high oxidizability and thermal stability of the SDCM-SS steel originate from its particular alloy design. No chromium is added to the steel; this ensures that the material has high oxidizability, and facilitates the generation of tribo-oxides during the sliding process. Molybdenum, tungsten, and vanadium additions promote the high temper resistance and stability of the steel. Many fine Mo 2 C and VC carbides precipitate during the tempering of SDCM-SS steel. During sliding, these carbides can delay the recovery process and postpone martensitic softening. The high temper stability postpones the transition from mild to severe wear and ensures that conditions of mild oxidative wear are maintained. Mild oxidative wear is the dominant wear mechanism for SDCM-SS steel between 400 and 700°C.

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Effect of Microstructure on Hardness and Wear Properties of 45 Steel after Induction Hardening

Cao

Liu

et al. 2021

steel research int.

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Herein, the mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of 45 steel subjected to induction hardening (IH) is studied. To study the strengthening mechanism of IH on the 45 steel, the flow rate (FL) with 50, 60, and 70 L min−1 are chosen to cool the samples. The hardness distribution in the near‐surface layer is measured by a CARAT 930 Vickers hardness tester. The metallographic structures of the 45 steel with and without IH are analyzed by optical microscope (OM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The phase analysis in the surface layer is determined by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Combined with OM and hardness distribution, the results indicate that bainite is the reason for the low hardness of the raw material. Also the wear mechanism of 45 steel changes from adhesive wear and delamination to abrasive wear. Moreover, when FL increases from 50 to 70 L min−1, the surface hardness of 45 steel raises by 19.86% and the coefficient of friction reduces from 0.122 to 0.0418. Combined with TEM analysis, the determinate factors of surface hardness and tribological characteristics owes to martensite grain refinement, during the process of transforming austenite to martensite. Dislocations provide conditions for martensite nucleation, the driving force of the phase change generated by thermal deformation and FL drop provides energy for martensite nucleation.

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Transition of Mild Wear to Severe Wear in Oxidative Wear of H21 Steel

Cited by 52 publications

References 12 publications

Analysis for Wear Behaviors of Oxidative Wear

Analysis for Wear Behaviors of Oxidative Wear

Wear Resistance of H13 and a New Hot-Work Die Steel at High temperature

Effect of Microstructure on Hardness and Wear Properties of 45 Steel after Induction Hardening

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