Research on viscosity of metal at high pressure

Structure of shock wave in tungsten and titanium metals by using navier-stokes equation

“…In view of the above-mentioned field, one of the main objectives of research on shock waves in materials is to develop precise methods which can predict dynamic events such as high velocity or high energy collisions and the explosion of explosives [5][6][7]. To achieve this, it has now become essential to grasp the physical, mechanical, and thermodynamic properties of the materials that exhibit significant variation over a broad range of density, temperature, and deformation caused by interactions with shock waves [8]. The shock wave interaction technique is the most important one since it can be used to investigate a substance's entire state range, including a rapid rate of deformation, phase transitions, fragmentation, and metallurgical changes, which cannot be examined using any other technique [9][10][11][12][13].…”

“…To investigate such properties of materials with the help of the shock wave interaction technique, several authors have developed a model wherein they assume a plane shock compression produced in various ways such as hypervelocity impacts, shock tubes, explosions, and energy depositions [14]. Though these shock waves cause strain in the form of three-dimensional stress, for the sake of simplicity, authors usually emphasize a uniaxial strain formed across the surface of materials affected by the applied shocks [8].…”