“…The impact of research itself is defined as having an influence, benefit or contribution to the economic, social, cultural and other aspects of the life of citizens and society outside the contribution of academic research (Barnes, 2015). In this study, we combined impacts into outcome categories so the scope of outcomes includes the impact of publications on citations (Aksnes et al , 2019; Gonzalez-Brambila et al , 2013; Hien, 2010; Mukundan and Narayanan, 2020; Sarwar and Hassan, 2015; Tung et al , 2018), licenses of intellectual property (Azagra-Caro et al , 2006; Gao et al , 2014; Motohashi and Yun, 2007; Sanberg et al , 2014) as well as social and economic impacts (Bozeman and Sarewitz, 2011; Du et al , 2014; Holloway and Herder, 2019; Muscio, 2010; Sanberg et al , 2014; Torrens and Thompson, 2012; Zharova et al , 2018). The socioeconomic impact dimension consists of revenue (Azagra-Caro et al , 2006; Degl’Innocenti et al , 2019), social aspects (Bornmann, 2013; Donovan, 2008; Sordé Martí et al , 2020; Zandniapour and Hyde, 2020); teaching quality (Artés et al , 2017; Stupnisky et al , 2017) and aspects of community empowerment (Kassab, 2019; Tagliaventi and Carli, 2019).…”