Research progress of extracellular vesicles and exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases

Abstract

There is growing evidence that mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles and exosomes can significantly improve the curative effect of oxidative stress-related diseases. Mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles and exosomes (MSC-EVs and MSC-Exos) are rich in bioactive molecules and have many biological regulatory functions. In this review, we describe how MSC-EVs and MSC-Exos reduce the related markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in various systemic diseases, and the molecular mechanism of MSC-EVs and MSC-Exos in treating apoptosis and vascular injury induced by oxidative stress. The results of a large number of experimental studies have shown that both local and systemic administration can effectively inhibit the oxidative stress response in diseases and promote the survival and regeneration of damaged parenchymal cells. The mRNA and miRNAs in MSC-EVs and MSC-Exos are the most important bioactive molecules in disease treatment, which can inhibit the apoptosis, necrosis and oxidative stress of lung, heart, kidney, liver, bone, skin and other cells, and promote their survive and regenerate.

Extracellular vesicles in the treatment of oxidative stress injury: global research status and trends

“…In addition, EVs can also protect lung epithelial cells by regulating protease/antiprotease balance in pneumonia ( Bari et al, 2019 ). In the circulatory system, there is a great deal of evidence that exosomes have a protective effect in ischemic hearts, which can alleviate myocardial I/R injury, promote cardiac regeneration and angiogenesis and inhibit fibrosis ( Chen et al, 2017 ; Zhang et al, 2023 ). Extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells have many functions.…”

Emerging role of mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles in vascular dementia

“…MSC-EVs exhibit unique advantages in suppressing oxidative damage through their antioxidative activity ( Zhang W et al, 2023 ). MSC-EVs and EVs -derived agents possess potent antioxidant capabilities, capable of neutralizing excess ROS ( Xia et al, 2021 ) within cells through antioxidant enzymes and molecules, including glutathione peroxidase (GPX).…”

“…Hence, oxidative stress is postulated as a chief factor in VD's foundational mechanisms, and augmented damage is suggested as a central process behind cognitive lapses in VD (Iadecola, 2013). MSC-EVs exhibit unique advantages in suppressing oxidative damage through their antioxidative activity (Zhang W et al, 2023). MSC-EVs and EVs -derived agents possess potent antioxidant capabilities, capable of neutralizing excess ROS (Xia et al, 2021) within cells through antioxidant enzymes and molecules, including glutathione peroxidase (GPX).…”

Emerging Landscape of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Senescence Mechanisms and Implications on Therapeutic Strategies

“…87 Exosomes derived from young MSCs contain antioxidant enzymes and molecules that can scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitigate oxidative stress. 88 Additionally, exosomes have anti-inflammatory properties and can modulate immune responses by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokine production and promoting the generation of anti-inflammatory factors. Exosome therapy can therefore attenuate inflammation and deliver these antioxidant factors in the MSC microenvironment, mitigating the detrimental effects of senescence.…”