Research Progress of Th17/Treg Cells and Their Transcription Factors in Autoimmune Diseases

Abstract

Helper T cell 17 (Th17) being a new cell subset of CD4+T in the body, which is different from Th1 and Th2 cells, have independent mechanisms of differentiation and developmental regulation. Th17 cells mainly secrete various cytokines such as IL-17, IL-6 and TNF-α, which induce inflammation. Treg cells are T cells with high expression of CD25 differentiated by T cells under the action of certain cytokines, namely CD4+CD25+(hi) Foxp3+T cells, which can regulate the immune response mediated by effector cells and are an important line of defense for human autoimmune. Therefore, Treg cells play an important role in maintaining immune tolerance of the body. As an important subset of T cells, Treg cells have an inhibitory effect on inflammation. Its working principle is to selectively inhibit autoreactive T cells and effector T cells so as to maintain the body's immune balance, and normal quantity and function help the immune system to its antigen stimulation, establishing a good state of tolerance. The expression of Treg cells increased, can avoid the occurrence of autoimmune diseases. Treg cells inhibit the differentiation of Th17 cells by down-regulating the expression of IL-23 and IL-17 or by its specific transcription factor Foxp3; similarly, inhibition of Th17 cell production can promote the development of Treg cells. Both Th17 and Treg cells are functionally inhibited. Th17 cells promote inflammatory reaction, and Treg cells suppress immune reaction. Numerous cytokines are involved in regulation. For example, IL-6 and IL-21 can inhibit Foxp3 and promote the expression of RORγt, thereby inhibiting Treg cells and inducing the differentiation of Th17 cells. In the absence of IL-6 and other pro-inflammatory factors, TGF-β enhances the inhibitory effect of Foxp3 on RORγt and promotes the growth and development of Treg cells. The anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 also induces Treg cells to inhibit the reaction of Th17 cells. The effects of Treg and Th17 cells are normally in a dynamic equilibrium. Once the balance is imbalanced, autoimmune diseases will occur. This article reviews the differentiation, function and research progress of Th17/Treg cells in autoimmune diseases.

Research on the Mechanism of T Cell Subsets and Cytokines in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis

“…With the deepening of the research on Th17 in the role of AID, the relationship among Th17 and its related factors with HT has attracted much attention. It has found that Th17 cells are involved in the development process of various AIDs such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and inflammatory bowel disease [18]. Horie et al believed that Th17 cells were a necessary condition for inducing AIT animal models, and the role of IL-17 and Th1 in the pathogenesis of HT also received attention.…”

Research on the Role of Th17Treg Cells and Their Factors in Graves' Disease with Different Iodine Nutritional Status

“…The research direction of development and outcome mechanism. In recent years, researches on Th17/Treg cells and ROR-γt and Foxp3 in RA and other AIDs have been widely carried out abroad [6], but there are not many domestic researches, and the proportion of Th17 and (or) Treg cells at home and abroad has a role in the pathogenesis of GD. The results of the research in GD are also inconsistent.…”

Study on Th17/Treg Cells and Cytokines in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis with Different Iodine Nutrition Status

“…It plays an important role in immunosuppression and has become the research direction of the occurrence, development and outcome mechanism of immune-related diseases. In recent years, researchers have studied Th17/Treg cells, ROR-γt and Foxp3 in RA and other AID [4], and found that the proportion of Treg cells may be negatively correlated with the severity of RA, but there is no significant difference from the control group, while Foxp3 is expressed at a low level. The proportion of Treg cells in PBMC of SLE patients was significantly decreased, and the expression of ROR-γt in urine was up-regulated, but the study results of Treg cell proportion were controversial.…”