Research Progress on the Preparation of Flexible and Green Cellulose-Based Electrothermal Composites for Joule Heating Applications

Abstract

Cellulose-based electrothermal composites (CETCs) are a type of functional material that combines a cellulose substrate with a heat generator to form multifunctional electrothermal composites with outstanding mechanical properties, biodegradability, flexibility, and Joule heating performance. The forms of cellulose include nanocellulose, cellulose fibers, cellulose paper, and cellulose fabrics. The heat generators include carbon-based materials (e.g., graphene and carbon nanotubes), metal nanowires, metal carbides/nitrides, and other conductive polymers. With the increasing demand for clean energy, comfortable heating, and green raw materials, CETCs are expected to become one of the most promising materials used in electric heating products. To provide the latest research and innovative strategies, this review introduces the methods used to prepare CETCs; these include vacuum filtration, freeze-drying, wet spinning, solution casting, coating, in situ polymerization, and deposition. Additionally, applications and prospects of cellulose-based electrothermal composites in wearable heaters, soft electrothermal actuators, deicers and defrosters, and agricultural films are presented.

Recent Progress and Prospects of MXene/Cellulose‐Based Composite Electrodes: A Sustainable Pathway towards Supercapacitor Application

“…Cellulose Nanomaterials CNC, CNFs, BC [56] Cellulose Derivatives Cellulose ethers (carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), ethyl cellulose), cellulose esters (cellulose acetate), Cellulose Nitrate, Cellulose Sulfate, Methyl Cellulose [41] Commercial Cellulose Products Cellulosic Fabric, Cellulosic Yarn [57] cellulose, where cellulose acted as the tough component and graphene oxide (GO)/MXene acted as the conductive component. [60] The prepared MXene-based fiber exhibited a tensile strength of 134.7 MPa, a large elongation at break of 13 %, and a high conductivity of 2.37×10 3 S/m.…”

The Macromolecular Design of Poly(styrene-isoprene-styrene) (SIS) Copolymers Defines their Performance in Flexible Electrothermal Composite Heaters

“…11 Therefore, research into thermally conductive polymer-based composites have been fueled by the requirement for flexible conductive materials with good heat dissipation and lower thermal expansion. 13 Composite electrothermal heaters are prepared by addition of electrothermally conductive fillers to the polymer matrix, and the internal fillers produce heat when a voltage is applied. 14 Due to the higher λ value, lower thermal expansion and high corrosion resistance, carbon-based fillers such as carbon black (CB), graphite, graphene, and carbon nanotubes (CNT) are ideal for composite electrothermal heaters, and CB is often used because of its relative cost effectiveness.…”

“…Composite electrothermal heaters are prepared by addition of electrothermally conductive fillers to the polymer matrix, and the internal fillers produce heat when a voltage is applied . Due to the higher λ value, lower thermal expansion and high corrosion resistance, carbon-based fillers such as carbon black (CB), graphite, graphene, and carbon nanotubes (CNT) are ideal for composite electrothermal heaters, and CB is often used because of its relative cost effectiveness. ,− Many studies have reported electrothermal composites developed using different polymer matrices, for example, thermoplastic polyurethane, polyimide, silicone elastomers, and cellulose, combined with carbon based fillers. ,,, Previous composite film heater prototypes have exhibited impressive success, yet require more improvements in thermal cycling, cost-efficiency, and stability to allow for translation to industrial applications .…”

Fabrication of Sustainable Hydrophobic Cotton Fabrics with Fluorescence-Emitting Performance Using Novel 1,8-Naphthalimide Functional Molecules

“…Smart textile materials with high-performance and multifunctional environmentally friendly features are highly demanded owing to the rapid developments of the industry and living standards. , The developments and innovations of the textile industry mainly focus on durability, intelligence, functionality, and sustainability. , Multifunctional finishing can endow the textiles with additional performances including fluorescence, antibacterial activity, electrical conductivity, hydrophobicity, oil repellency, and so on, which have shown significant application prospects in different industrial and civil yields. − Cotton fabric-based functional textiles are highly popular among those different kinds of fabrics due to their high stability, skin affinity, biodegradability, and high strength. Special attention has been devoted to some fascinating fields of cotton textile research like water-proof textiles, medical textiles, and antifouling textiles by using innovative chemical agents or finishing methods. , Despite all this, the hydrophilicity induced by polyhydroxyl groups in the cellulose skeleton has hindered the application of cotton-based materials in some technical fields with special needs like transport systems and resource recovery. − …”

“…Special attention has been devoted to some fascinating fields of cotton textile research like water-proof textiles, medical textiles, and antifouling textiles by using innovative chemical agents or finishing methods. 9,10 Despite all this, the hydrophilicity induced by polyhydroxyl groups in the cellulose skeleton has hindered the application of cotton-based materials in some technical fields with special needs like transport systems and resource recovery. 11−13 The functional finishings of cotton fabrics are usually achieved using the coating method or surface grafting, and hydrophobic cotton fabrics are usually obtained by coating organic polymers or inorganic nanomaterials, such as organosilicon, polystyrene, TiO 2 , and so on.…”