“…Because of these, biological neural systems are more efficient and faster than any hardware/software computing platforms can accomplish for the given scale ( Lohman, 1989 ; Picard et al, 2001 ). As the solution for efficient processing of enormous dataset sizes, electrical implementation of neural systems has been an important approach for external information acquisition (e.g., sensor), and more significantly, the external information processing and execution through cognitive processes (e.g., neuromorphic computing systems) ( Delbruck et al, 2014 ). Artificial synapses can control information flow, data processing and memory function by modulating the synaptic weight ( Voglis and Tavernarakis, 2006 ; Gkoupidenis et al, 2015 ).…”