Researches on the motion and flooding process of a damaged passenger ship in regular and irregular beam waves

A comprehensive description and application of the FloodW simulation code for flooded ship problems: From still water to irregular wave scenarios

“…Among the codes available in the technical literature, many of them identifies the position of the lumped mass by assuming a horizontal free surface in phase with ship inclination. [2][3][4][5] Whereas in Acanfora et al, 6 Lee, 7 and Manderbacka et al, 8 an inclined free surface approach is used, that is, out of phase with ship inclinations. Another modeling approach for the flooded water effects is represented by the shallow water equations 9,10 that are found 1 particularly suited for low filling levels.…”

“…Another modeling approach for the flooded water effects is represented by the shallow water equations 9,10 that are found 1 particularly suited for low filling levels. However, except for Bu et al 5 (that attempts modeling the damaged ship dynamics in irregular wave using a quasistatic approach), they are mainly applied and validated for still water or for regular wave cases. The most accurate ship dynamic models in irregular waves are based on the so-called blended or hybrid non-linear numerical model [11][12][13] based on an extension of the potential flow theory.…”

“…22,23 Moreover it uses the apparent gravity technique, and accounts for more than one flooded compartment, differently from. 5 This paper aims at providing the current level of progression of the FloodW code with its possible applications, including the description of the novel features in irregular sea scenario.…”

“…The FloodW code, differently from the majority of the numerical models for flooded hull dynamics in rough seas, 5,18 implements the whole ship dynamics model in irregular waves, including all pertinent non-linearities, developed specifically for intact hull dynamics. 22,23 Moreover it uses the apparent gravity technique, and accounts for more than one flooded compartment, differently from.…”

“…22,23 Moreover it uses the apparent gravity technique, and accounts for more than one flooded compartment, differently from. 5…”