Researching Gender-Role Ideologies Internationally and Cross-Culturally

Gibbons, Judith L.; Hamby, Beverly A.; Dennis, Wanda D.

doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00106.x

Cited by 139 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…In this search, the selected type of document was "review," and the following keywords were used: GRA, sex role attitudes, gender ideology, gender attitudes, gender role ideology, sex role ideology, and sex attitudes. We were able to identify eight reviews (Azuma & Suzuki, 1991;Banks, 1995;Davis & Greenstein, 2009;Gibbons, Hamby, & Dennis, 1997;Glover, 1992;Jugovic, 2010;Kane, 2000;McHugh & Frieze, 1997). Most reviews were conducted in the 1990s and do not use a systematic approach (Petticrew & Roberts, 2006).…”

Section: Preliminary Search Of Review Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Youngsters’ Gender Role Attitudes and Individual, Home, and School Characteristics

et al. 2016

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Because of the importance of gender role attitudes (GRA) for both academic and social outcomes, it is crucial to understand how GRA is constructed and changes over time. A systematic literature review was conducted to look into the relationship between youngsters' GRA and individual, home, and school characteristics. Thirty-five international studies were identified through searches in different databases. The review reveals that the studies mostly apply a deterministic view to studying the construction of GRA, focusing predominantly on parent-child transmission. Effects of the school environment and individuals' own life experiences are under-studied. Also, data are mostly cross-sectional and leave little room for investigating evolutions of GRA over time. Suggestions for future research are formulated focusing on (a) a life-course approach that considers GRA as situated, experience-related, and therefore changing over time and (b) an intersectionality-informed approach investigating GRA at the intersects of multiple diversity dimensions.

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Section: Preliminary Search Of Review Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Youngsters’ Gender Role Attitudes and Individual, Home, and School Characteristics

et al. 2016

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“…11,27 Script theory posits that normative beliefs about gender roles guide heterosexual interactions at the individual, interpersonal and cultural levels. [30][31][32] We hypothesized that higher endorsement of violence, power and male dominance would be negatively correlated with safer sexual behaviors, measured here as condom use and fewer sexual partners, among both men and women. Specifically, if gender-inequitable cultural scripts were exerting influence, men would be more likely to take risks in the face of threats, such as HIV infection, and pressure or force female partners to comply.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Role and Relationship Norms among Young Adults in South Africa: Measuring the Context of Masculinity and HIV Risk

Harrison

O’Sullivan²,

Hoffman³

et al. 2006

J Urban Health

112

110

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In the global literature on HIV/AIDS, much attention has been paid to the role of gender inequalities in facilitating the transmission of HIV. For women, gender inequality may be manifested in sexual coercion, reduced negotiating power and partnering with older men, all practices that heighten risk for HIV. Less attention, however, has been paid to how men's relationship behaviors may place them at risk for HIV. Using six culturally specific psychometric scales developed in South Africa, this study examined men's and women's gender role and relationship norms, attitudes and beliefs in the context of ongoing partnerships. These measures were then examined in relation to four sexual risk behaviors: frequency of condom use (with primary or secondary partners) and number of partners (last 3 months and lifetime). Participants were 101 male and 199 female young adults, aged 18-24, recruited from a secondary school in northern KwaZulu/ Natal province. Associations between gender and relationship scale scores and sexual risk outcomes yielded both expected and contradictory findings. For men, more frequent condom use was associated with higher levels of partner attachment (hyper-romanticism) but also with stronger approval of relationship violence and dominant behavior. In contrast, for women, more frequent condom use was correlated with a lower endorsement of relationship violence. Men with lower relationship power scores had fewer sexual partners in the preceding 3 months, while women with more egalitarian sexual scripts reported more sexual partners, as did those with higher hyper-romanticism scores. In logistic regression analysis, more egalitarian relationship norms among men were predictive of less consistent condom use, as were higher relationship power scores for women. These findings are discussed in relation to previous research on gender, heterosexual interactions and masculinity in this area, as well as the implications for HIV prevention programs.

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“…In particular, the constructs they operationalise as well as the settings (such as higher education) and tasks (such as asking someone on a date) they describe, ought to be considered carefully (Gibbons et al 1997). This may indicate the useful addition or removal of culture specific constructs (Gibbons et al 1997) (Thompson and Pleck 1995). The importance of theory in guiding measurement development is clearly evident.…”

Section: 'Doing Gender' Largely Reinforces Dominant Representations Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond traditional understanding of gender measurement: the gender (re)presentation approach

Luyt

2013

Journal of Gender Studies

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This paper considers different approaches to measuring gender. It critically reviews gender role theorising and describes how this has informed two approaches to measuring gender as an individual phenomenon: gender orientation (the assessment of individual traits) and gender ideology (assessing individual endorsement, and internalisation, of social norms). It is argued here that social constructionist perspectives offer a viable alternative to gender role theory and that these inform an alternative approach to measuring gender as a social phenomenon: gender (re)presentation. This approach assesses group level endorsement of dominant gender representations. Endorsement is not seen to reflect individual traits or internalised social norms.Rather, it is understood as a social practice, made meaningful through shared understanding of dominant gender representation. This approach is introduced through critique of the traditional concept of attitudes and a reformulation thereof. The practical measurement implications and benefit of this reformulation are outlined.

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Researching Gender-Role Ideologies Internationally and Cross-Culturally

Cited by 139 publications

References 63 publications

The Relationship Between Youngsters’ Gender Role Attitudes and Individual, Home, and School Characteristics

The Relationship Between Youngsters’ Gender Role Attitudes and Individual, Home, and School Characteristics

Gender Role and Relationship Norms among Young Adults in South Africa: Measuring the Context of Masculinity and HIV Risk

Beyond traditional understanding of gender measurement: the gender (re)presentation approach

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