About one third of newly diagnosed renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients present with synchronous metastatic disease. Twenty to 40 % with localized disease at diagnosis eventually develop metastases. Complete metastasectomy confers five year survival rate of 35 % to 50 %. Traditional thoracic approach for lung metastasectomy carries increased morbidity. We report a less morbid trans-diaphragmatic approach. Right cytoreductive nephrectomy with liver and simultaneous trans-diaphragmatic lung resection was performed with uneventful perioperative course in a 60 year male with metastatic RCC. Trans-diaphragmatic resection of peripheral lung metastasis can be considered electively approach in selective cases of RCC with ipsilateral resectable inferior lung metastases.
Keywords Radical nephrectomy . Lung metastasis . Trans-diaphragmatic lung resection
Case HistoryA 60-year-old man with good performance status presented with right flank pain and recent onset weight loss and one episode of gross total painless hematuria. He was having (ECOG-0). The contrast enhanced computerised tomography (CECT) scan of abdomen revealed a right renal mass, whole of the kidney was replaced by tumor with synchronous solitary space occupying lesion (SOL) in segment 6 of the right lobe of the liver (4.3X4.1X3.8 cm), plane between liver and the tumor was not discernible. Chest X-ray revealed a coin shaped lesion in right lower zone. The high-resolution computerised tomography of the chest was done and a solitary SOL of 2 X 1.5 cm in the posterior basal segment of the right inferior lung was found. (Fig. 1)There was no evidence of lymphadenopathy and the left kidney was normal. Bone scan done was not suggestive of metastasis. We thus planned a right cyto-reductive nephrectomy with simultaneous liver and lung metastasectomy. As the tumor was large and adherent to the liver and posterior parietal wall, it was decided to do open radical nephrectomy. Procedure was performed under general anesthesia with double lung ventilation in supine position. A bolster was kept under right lower chest to maximize the surgical exposure. After performing right cytoreductive nephrectomy via anterior subcostal incision, liver resection was performed with the help of Ultracision-Harmonic scalpel device (UltraCision, Ethicon Endosurgery, Cincinnati, OH, USA). The renal tumor was stuck to the posteriolateral diaphragm, which was resected and the resultant tear was enlarged to expose the inferior posterior basal lung SOL. Lung metastasis was resected using 11 number knife after taking adequate resection margins, which were secured with 2-0 polygalactin