Reserves, Resilience and Dynamic Landscapes

Bengtsson, Janne; Angelstam, Per; Elmqvist, Thomas; Emanuelsson, Urban; Folke, Carl; Ihse, Margareta; Moberg, Fredrik; Nyström, Magnus

doi:10.1579/0044-7447-32.6.389

Cited by 522 publications

(242 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Fringing reefs, for example, may be less resilient to specific human activities than barrier reef systems with extensive lagoon systems. Coral reef systems that exhibit a diversity of habitats with strong connectivity between habitat patches may also be more resilient than isolated or poorly connected systems characterized by less dynamic capacity for recovery from disturbance (Nyström and Folke 2001, Bengtsson et al 2003, Bodin and Saura 2010.…”

Section: Social System Structural Traits and Human Impacts And Modifymentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Dimensions of Coral Reef Social-Ecological Systems

Kittinger¹,

Finkbeiner²,

Glazier³

et al. 2012

E&S

132

102

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ABSTRACT. Coral reefs are among the most diverse ecosystems on the planet but are declining because of human activities. Despite general recognition of the human role in the plight of coral reefs, the vast majority of research focuses on the ecological rather than the human dimensions of reef ecosystems, limiting our understanding of social relationships with these environments as well as potential solutions for reef recovery. General frameworks for social-ecological systems (SESs) have been advanced, but system-specific approaches are needed to develop a more nuanced view of human-environmental interactions for specific contexts and resource systems, and at specific scales. We synthesize existing concepts related to SESs and present a human dimensions framework that explores the linkages between social system structural traits, human activities, ecosystem services, and human well-being in coral reef SESs. Key features of the framework include social-ecological reciprocity, proximate and underlying dimensions, and the directionality of key relationships and feedback loops. Such frameworks are needed if human dimensions research is to be more fully integrated into studies of ecosystem change and the sustainability of linked SESs.

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Section: Social System Structural Traits and Human Impacts And Modifymentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Dimensions of Coral Reef Social-Ecological Systems

Kittinger¹,

Finkbeiner²,

Glazier³

et al. 2012

E&S

132

102

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“…The small area of the IdS (ranging from one ha to a maximum of 20 ha) should not discourage on their effectiveness: small reserves can target high-quality remnants (Götmark & Thorell 2003), and their contribution to biodiversity conservation is increased by the fact that they are in non-wilderness areas (Lindenmayer & Franklin 2002). Where the establishment of protected areas is economically infeasible, biodiversity preservation could be achieved integrating reserves and managed matrix (Bengtsson et al 2003. A further contribution could be represented by large marginal forests where management has been abandoned for socio-economic reasons (Sitzia et al 2015).…”

Section: Current Strategies: Forest Microreservesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effectiveness of a micro-reserve depends on the intensity of the edge effect and the consequent disturbance (e.g., micro-climate alteration), as well as on the availability of "ecological memory" (Bengtsson et al 2003), which ensures the resilience of a landscape through buffering and renewal. Planning and management need to be implemented at multiple spatial scales, from single trees to key habitats and finally to large reserves (Lindenmayer & Laurance 2012).…”

Section: Scale Of Intervention: Forest Landscape Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples of certifications for marketable products include labels that target species (e.g., bird-friendly shadegrown coffee), and their success depends on the consumers awareness of the biodiversity benefits and conversely on their willingness to pay for the additional value of the products (Pagiola & Ruthenberg 2002). To achieve the non-static landscape management, incentives and structures that coordinate the different stakeholders are essential (Bengtsson et al 2003).…”

Section: Bottom-up Conservation Strategies and Certificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The forest biodiversity artery: towards forest management for saproxylic conservation

Mason¹,

Zapponi²

2016

iForest

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One of the objectives of forest conservation is the set aside of unharvested areas. However, the fragmentation and lack of connectivity of protected areas make the integration of conservation measures in productive forests essential. Strategies to integrate conservation of saproxylic biodiversity in forest management have been developed, but often considering only specific aspects or remaining preliminary otherwise. As the impact of climate change and anthropogenic stresses increases, the development and the synthesis of this approach is crucial. We reviewed the key literature on forest management for biodiversity conservation, integrating forest science perspective to provide a practical management framework. Our goal is to present a management framework that could contribute to the effective preservation of forest insect biodiversity at the landscape scale, without high economic efforts, and addressing the conflicts that still jeopardize sustainable forest management. The results of our review support the creation of micro-reserves inside productive forests, to support large reserves in landscape conservation strategies. Micro-reserves increase the resilience of forest ecosystems to anthropogenic disturbances, through the development of a heterogeneous structure, maximizing microhabitat availability. Modeling forest management and harvest on local natural disturbance would extend the benefits of spatio-temporal heterogeneity in productive forests. Variable retention harvest systems, applied at the landscape scale, are a feasible and adaptable strategy to preserve and increase biodiversity, safeguarding structural legacies such as senescent trees and deadwood inside the productive matrix. The operational shift, from the stand to the forest landscape, is fundamental to extend the benefits of conservation measures. The Forest Biodiversity Artery, composed by several micro-reserves or îlots de senescence, connected by corridors of habitat trees and deadwood, constitutes a network that would deliver old-growth forests attributes to the productive matrix. This planning instrument would support forest connectivity, and socioeconomic constraints.

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“…Although natural disturbances are usually pulse disturbances with characteristic magnitude and frequency, human activities tend to transform these disturbances into chronic ones that can reduce the recovery capacity of the ecosystem (Bengtsson et al, 2003) influencing its resilience (Holling, 1973;Walker and Salt, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%