Residential Radon Exposure and Incidence of Childhood Lymphoma in Texas, 1995–2011

Peckham, Erin; Scheurer, Michael E.; Danysh, Heather E.; Lubega, Joseph; Langlois, Peter H.; Lupo, Philip J.

doi:10.3390/ijerph121012110

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Our choice balances the ideas that, in a positively skewed distribution (like a lognormal distribution), the median, and to some degree the mean, may underrepresent the true potential hazard; conversely, a higher percentile (e.g., the 95th or 99th percentile) likely overestimates the potential hazard in most cases. Our choice is also consistent with studies that have found the 75th percentile to be a useful statistic to represent risk in analyses of relationships between radon and lung cancer (Jones, 1995), radon and childhood lymphoma (Peckham et al, 2015), air pollution and placental abruption (Kioumourtzoglou et al, 2019), gestational diabetes and abdominal circumference (Kjos & Schaefer‐Graf, 2007), and mercury exposure in rural mining towns (Ohlander et al, 2013).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

A Geologically Based Indoor‐Radon Potential Map of Kentucky

et al. 2020

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We combined 71,930 short‐term (median duration 4 days) home radon test results with 1:24,000‐scale bedrock geologic map coverage of Kentucky to produce a statewide geologically based indoor‐radon potential map. The test results were positively skewed with a mean of 266 Bq/m 3 , median of 122 Bq/m 3 , and 75th percentile of 289 Bq/m 3 . We identified 106 formations with ≥10 test results. Analysis of results from 20 predominantly monolithologic formations showed indoor‐radon concentrations to be positively skewed on a formation‐by‐formation basis, with a proportional relationship between sample means and standard deviations. Limestone (median 170 Bq/m 3 ) and dolostone (median 130 Bq/m 3 ) tended to have higher indoor‐radon concentrations than siltstones and sandstones (median 67 Bq/m 3 ) or unlithified surficial deposits (median 63 Bq/m 3 ). Individual shales had median values ranging from 67 to 189 Bq/m 3 ; the median value for all shale values was 85 Bq/m 3 . Percentages of values falling above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) action level of 148 Bq/m 3 were sandstone and siltstone: 24%, unlithified clastic: 21%, dolostone: 46%, limestone: 55%, and shale: 34%. Mississippian limestones, Ordovician limestones, and Devonian black shales had the highest indoor‐radon potential values in Kentucky. Indoor‐radon test mean values for the selected formations were also weakly, but statistically significantly, correlated with mean aeroradiometric uranium concentrations. To produce a map useful to nonspecialists, we classified each of the 106 formations into five radon‐geologic classes on the basis of their 75th percentile radon concentrations. The statewide map is freely available through an interactive internet map service.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

A Geologically Based Indoor‐Radon Potential Map of Kentucky

et al. 2020

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“…To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show a significant NHL risk in female children and adolescents in association with indoor radon exposure. The increased risk of NHL in females was likely due to the risk in children and adolescents in the present study, which is not consistent with the previous reports that showed no clear association with NHL in children and adolescents [ 32 , 40 ]. However, these previous studies did not stratify their analysis by gender.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Geographical Correlations between Indoor Radon Concentration and Risks of Lung Cancer, Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, and Leukemia during 1999–2008 in Korea

Hwang

Kang

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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Indoor radon is the second most important risk factor for lung cancer and may also be a risk factor for hematopoietic cancers, particularly in children and adolescents. The present study measured indoor radon concentration nationwide at 5553 points during 1989–2009 and spatially interpolated using lognormal kriging. The incidences of lung cancer, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), and leukemia, stratified by sex and five-year age groups in each of the 234 administrative regions in the country during 1999–2008, were obtained from the National Cancer Registry and used to calculate the standardized incidence ratios. After considering regional deprivation index values and smoking rates by sex in each region as confounding variables, the cancer risks were estimated based on Bayesian hierarchical modeling. We found that a 10 Bq/m3 increase in indoor radon concentration was associated with a 1% increase in the incidence of lung cancer in male and a 7% increase in NHL in female children and adolescents in Korea aged less than 20 years. Leukemia was not associated with indoor radon concentration. The increase in NHL risk among young women requires confirmation in future studies, and the radon control program should consider children and adolescents.

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“…This is based on the information that the youngest controls whose individual chronic exposure to radon is having increased oxidative stress on the bone marrow stem cells, causing telomere length shortening [ 31 , 32 , 33 ]. Therefore, short telomere has a correlation with lung cancer risk and leukemia in high residential radon exposure and the association is modulated by age and the cumulative lifetime exposure to radon [ 13 , 34 , 35 ]. Significantly, future larger studies are needed to entail the in-depth analysis of underlying mechanism of the age differences in the association between telomere length and lung cancer risk with respect to high level of natural radiation background areas.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short Telomere Length as a Biomarker Risk of Lung Cancer Development Induced by High Radon Levels: A Pilot Study

Autsavapromporn

Klunklin

Threeratana

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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Long-term exposure to radon has been determined to be the second leading cause of lung cancer after tobacco smoking. However, an in-depth study of this topic has not been explicitly carried out in Chiang Mai (Thailand). This paper presents the results of an indoor radon level measurement campaign in dwellings of Chiang Mai using total of 110 detectors (CR-39) during one year. The results show that the average radon levels varied from 35 to 219 Bq/m3, with an overall average of 57 Bq/m3. The finding also shows that the average value is higher than the global average value of 39 Bq/m3. In addition, to examine the cause of lung cancer development among people with risk of chronic exposure to radon during their lifetime, 35 non-smoker lung cancer patients and 33 healthy nonsmokers were analyzed for telomere length. As expected, telomere length was significantly shorter in lung cancer patients than in healthy nonsmokers. Among healthy nonsmokers, the telomere length was significantly shorter in a high radon group than in an unaffected low radon group. To the best of our knowledge, our research provides the first attempt in describing the shortened telomeres in areas with high levels of environmental radon that might be related to lung cancer development.

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Residential Radon Exposure and Incidence of Childhood Lymphoma in Texas, 1995–2011

Cited by 15 publications

References 79 publications

A Geologically Based Indoor‐Radon Potential Map of Kentucky

A Geologically Based Indoor‐Radon Potential Map of Kentucky

Geographical Correlations between Indoor Radon Concentration and Risks of Lung Cancer, Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, and Leukemia during 1999–2008 in Korea

Short Telomere Length as a Biomarker Risk of Lung Cancer Development Induced by High Radon Levels: A Pilot Study

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