Residential runoff – The role of spatial density and surface cover, with a case study in the Höjeå river catchment, southern Sweden

Sjöman, Johanna Deak; Gill, Susannah

doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2013.10.007

Cited by 46 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…If one homeowner chooses to pave over a garden, the rest of the city is unaffected. If hundreds of others follow suit, the whole city has a storm water problem [34,35]. Based on the Swedish Plan and Building Act, comprehensive plans should encompass all land within the municipal borders, but they are not legally binding.…”

Section: Gi Implemented By Actors and Institutions In Different Sectmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Implementation of Green Infrastructure: Relating a General Concept to Context and Site

Lindholm

2017

Sustainability

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Abstract:In the quest for more sustainable urban landscape development, the concept of "green infrastructure" (GI) has become central in policy documents and as a multifunctional general planning tool. GI is not, however, a simple and unambiguous solution. While in policy documents there are claims for more and connected GI, actual urban development takes another direction. The densifying imperative is hard to combine with an increased and more connected GI. This paper argues for a critical and diversified approach to the concept of GI, in order to facilitate its implementation in urban planning and management. Any kind of GI will not deliver all ecosystems services in any place, not without land use conflicts, investments and long term operating costs. This calls for a GI concept linked to actors and mediating conflicting values. Linguistic as well as spatial definitions of the two relevant dichotomies of "green-grey" and "public-private" are crucial in GI location, design, construction and management, it is argued. Overarching representations of GI will be needed, but not only pictured as a separate system, but also displayed with necessary integration to the whole urban landscape. Development over time will need an intersectorial implementation and management program. Some of the GI intentions may be implemented in planning processes, some through re-organization and redesign of public space, and some by agreements with landowners. To reach out to implementation in ordinary urban development, GI needs to be described in a way that establishes points of connection to a variety of relevant actors and organizations taking part in implementation of GI.

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Section: Gi Implemented By Actors and Institutions In Different Sectmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Implementation of Green Infrastructure: Relating a General Concept to Context and Site

Lindholm

2017

Sustainability

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“…Changing the rainfall duration or peak location thus had little impact on total flow. Moreover, increasing the rainfall amount may increase the contributions of both pervious and impervious surfaces for Q t (Sjöman and Gill, 2014). These factors can contribute to stable hydrologic performances of TIA on Q t .…”

Section: Performances Of Imperviousness Under Various Storm Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

How does imperviousness impact the urban rainfall-runoff process under various storm cases?

Yao

Wei

Chen

2016

Ecological Indicators

124

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a b s t r a c tDramatic changes in imperviousness exert significant influence on the rainfall-runoff process in urban catchments. In urban rainwater management, imperviousness is generally adopted as an effective indicator for assessing potential runoff risk. However, the effects of imperviousness on rainfall-runoff at the scale of small urbanized drainage areas have not been fully determined, particularly when various storm characteristics are considered. In this paper, a model-based analysis is conducted in a typical urban residential catchment in Beijing, China, in which 69 subareas are delineated within the catchment as the basic drainage units. Two metrics, total impervious area (TIA) and directly connected impervious area (DCIA), are employed to quantify the spatial characteristics of imperviousness of the subareas. Three runoff variables within the delineated subareas including total runoff depth (Q t ), peak runoff depth (Q p ), and lag time (T lag ) are simulated by using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) to represent the specific rainfall-runoff characteristics. Moreover, model input storms are designated to several typical flood-induced rainfall events with varying amounts, locations of rainfall peak, and durations for holistic assessment of imperviousness. Regression analyses are conducted to explore the contributions and relative significances of impervious metrics in predicting runoff variables under various storm cases. The results indicate that the performances of imperviousness with fine spatial scale (<1 ha) and heavy rainfall conditions (>34 mm) may vary markedly according to storm conditions. Specifically, TIA rather than DCIA acts as a dominate factor affecting total runoff, and its significance maintains relatively stable with various storm conditions. In addition, the combined use of both TIA and DCIA are more effective for predicting peak runoff than that using a single impervious metric; however, rainfall amount, peak location, and duration alter the contribution gaps between TIA and DCIA and the overall performance of the regression model. Moreover, DCIA is more likely to affect runoff lag time without the contribution of TIA; however, an increase in rainfall peak ratio or duration will significantly limit its performance. These results can provide insight into the hydrologic performance of imperviousness, which is essential for landscape design and runoff regulation in small urban catchments.

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“…The SCS-CN model has been used with agricultural watersheds and also functions well in urban areas. Many urban ecohydrology studies have used this model to simulate various runoff scenarios, ranging from small urban sites (e.g., highway or residential lots) to neighborhoods to large urban watersheds (Tsihrintzis and Hamid, 1997;Brander et al, 2004;Sjöman and Gill, 2013). This model is based on empirical studies of ungauged watersheds to estimate runoff from rainfall events (NRCS, 1986).…”

Section: Model Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As demonstrated by the present results, higher rainfall results in greater retention of surface runoff by green space. Secondly, based on the runoff coefficients for various land surfaces determined by Sjöman and Gill (2013), impervious surfaces experience larger increases in runoff coefficient with increasing rainfall than green space. The runoff reduction formula (Eqn.…”

Section: Reliability Of the Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential reduction in urban runoff by green spaces in Beijing: A scenario analysis

Yao

Chen

Wei

et al. 2015

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening

119

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a b s t r a c tUrban green space provides multiple ecological benefits, among which the reduction of rainfall runoff is important for sustainable urban development, particularly for cities experiencing severe flooding and water hazards. However, the effectiveness of urban green space in mitigating runoff has not been fully determined. We evaluated potential reductions in surface runoff associated with urban green space in central Beijing under a greening scenario using the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number method. The results show that urban green space offers significant potential for runoff mitigation. In 2012, a total of 97.9 million m 3 of excess surface runoff was retained by urban green space; adding nearly 11% more tree canopy was projected to increase runoff retention by >30%, contributing to considerable benefits of urban rainwater regulation. At a more detailed scale, there were apparent internal variations. Urban function zones with >70% developed land showed less mitigation of runoff, while green zones (vegetation >60%), which occupied only 15.54% of the total area, contributed 31.07% of runoff reduction. Runoff reduction by urban green space, however, is influenced by many factors, such as rainfall, soil condition, and urban morphology. In regulating urban runoff, therefore, the priorities and integrating adaptive approaches to urban greening should be combined with compensatory and complementary measures.

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Residential runoff – The role of spatial density and surface cover, with a case study in the Höjeå river catchment, southern Sweden

Cited by 46 publications

References 27 publications

The Implementation of Green Infrastructure: Relating a General Concept to Context and Site

The Implementation of Green Infrastructure: Relating a General Concept to Context and Site

How does imperviousness impact the urban rainfall-runoff process under various storm cases?

Potential reduction in urban runoff by green spaces in Beijing: A scenario analysis

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