Residential Segregation from Generation to Generation: Intergenerational Association in Socio-Spatial Context Among Visible Minorities and the Majority Population in Metropolitan Sweden

Spatial Assimilation at a Halt? Intergenerational Persistence in Neighborhood Contexts among Immigrant Minorities in Norway

“…To put these results into context, we find that the share who remained in the bottom quartile of the economic neighborhood distribution among natives (about 40 higher) is comparable to those reported in studies from Sweden (Gustafsson, Katz, and Österberg 2017) and France (McAvay 2018), as well as for non-Hispanic Whites in the United States (Sharkey 2008). For descendants of immigrants from Pakistan, the Middle East, and Africa, about 60 percent of those from the bottom economic quartile remained there as adults (Figure 4, panel A), which is higher than the proportions of descendants of African (54 percent) and Asian, including Turkish, (47 percent) immigrants in France (McAvay 2018).…”

“…In Scandinavia, Van Ham et al (2014) found that immigrant descendants have considerably longer cumulative exposure to low-income neighborhoods from childhood into young adulthood, spending almost 3.5 more years in the lowest income quintile over an 18-year period than do Swedes with non-migrant parents and similar socioeconomic attainment. Similarly, Gustafsson, Katz, and Österberg (2017) found that about half the immigrant descendants from “visible minorities” in large Swedish metropolitan areas (Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malmö) grew up in the neighborhood quartile with the lowest mean income and that about two-thirds of these immigrant descendants continued to live in this quartile as adults. Furthermore, the intergenerational correlation in neighborhood economic inequality was about three times stronger than the individual-level parent–child income correlation for immigrant descendants.…”

“…However, recent research from the United States has found that second-generation immigrants experience considerable upward contextual mobility out of deprived childhood neighborhoods (Tran 2020). In contrast, European studies report strong intergenerational persistence of living in deprived neighborhood contexts among immigrant populations in France (McAvay 2018), the Netherlands (de Vuijst, van Ham, and Kleinhans 2017), the United Kingdom (Zuccotti 2019), and Scandinavia (Van Ham et al 2014; Gustafsson, Katz, and Österberg 2017; Nordvik and Hedman 2019).…”

“…First, we contribute empirically to the recent literature that assesses intergenerational contextual mobility in both socioeconomic and ethnic neighborhood dimensions (McAvay 2018; Zuccotti 2019; Tran 2020). Addressing both of these neighborhood characteristics provides a broader perspective on spatial assimilation, compared with prior studies that only focus on socioeconomic neighborhood context (e.g., Van Ham et al 2014; de Vuijst, van Ham, and Kleinhans 2017; Gustafsson, Katz, and Österberg 2017; Nordvik and Hedman 2019).…”

Geographies of Socio-Economic Inequality

“…There have been similar findings in European-based research as well. For instance, using data from Sweden, Gustafson, Katz and Österberg (2017) and van Ham et al (2014) find that the neighbourhood status of children is correlated to that of their parents, and that immigrants are more likely than natives to remain in disadvantaged areas over two generations. add a family dimension to the analysis: children from the same family live more similar lives than unrelated individuals, but the neighbourhood of origin has an independent effect on future residential careers.…”