Residential versus communal combination of photovoltaic and battery in smart energy systems

Abstract

Highlights-EnergyPLAN simulations of residential and communal batteries in combination with PV -Residential PV and battery set-up enables higher self-supply and customer involvement -Communal battery set-up leads to higher share of electricity fed to the grid -PV and batteries improve demand side management, balancing and production planning Abstract This paper presents an analysis of small consumers' involvement in smart island energy systems with a focus on the technical feasibility of photovoltaic (PV) systems in combination with batteries. Two approaches may be observed in the literature: the optimization on a household level with the aim of being self-reliant versus coordinated and collective technologies with increased integration across sectors and energy carriers. Thus, for household systems, the placement of a batterywhether aggregated or residentialcreates the basis for this investigation. The study is based on the case of the Danish island Samsø for which the two battery approaches are simulated using the energy system simulation model EnergyPLAN. Results indicate a tendency towards aggregated batteries being more favourable from a systems perspectivewhile on the other hand, residential batteries are more motivating and involving the consumers. The importance of minimizing flows to and from the grid as a result from fluctuating energy sources is addressed in both approaches. While residential batteries improve the individual household electricity supply, a communal battery would further regulate other inputs and demands. * Corresponding author [2]

Evaluation of electricity storage versus thermal storage as part of two different energy planning approaches for the islands Samsø and Orkney

“…Samsø qualifies for the suggested analysis due to its abundance of RES and the resulting excess of electricity, while other resources are scarce, as has been subject of several previous studies [30]- [32]. On Orkney, the potential of RES is not as extensive, but on the verge of a break-through with the ongoing tests of marine energy, such as wave and tidal powers, besides the already large wind power capacities [33], [34].…”

“…EnergyPLAN is described more thoroughly in e.g. [30]. Based on the ability to present the holistic energy system of a defined geographical region whilst keeping the ability to track required imports, EnergyPLAN is well suited for the comparison of BESS and TES for the islands of Samsø and Orkney.…”

“…The EnergyPLAN reference model of Samsø, which is applied in this analysis, has already been subject of a study regarding various BESS capacities in combination with PV [30]. It presents Samsø and its demands for the reference year 2015, based on the latest official published energy balances for the municipality [48].…”

“…Similar to an earlier approach to BESS evaluations [30], the following analysis is made. With BESS showing round-trip efficiencies of 75-77% [52] and latest test even showing efficiencies above 90% [53], both round trip efficiency is adjusted to an annual constant of 85%.…”

“…With BESS showing round-trip efficiencies of 75-77% [52] and latest test even showing efficiencies above 90% [53], both round trip efficiency is adjusted to an annual constant of 85%. The charging and discharging powers are set to a typical value of 66% of the BESS capacity [30], [54] corresponding to a charging/discharging time of 1.5h if fully charged/discharged. In the analyses, the total capacity of the BESS is gradually increased from 0.001 to 50 MWhe with 0.66 to 30,000 kW powers.…”