Residual effects of potassium clorazepate, a precursor of nordiazepam.

Performance Studies With Diazepam and Its Hydroxylated Metabolites

“…With heptabarbitone decrements in performance were observed 10 h after 200 mg, 10 and 13 h after 300 mg and 10, 13, 16 and 19 h after 400 mg (Borland & Nicholson, 1974), and with pentobarbitone sodium the residual effects during the day after overnight ingestion of 200 mg were very similar to those observed with heptabarbitone 400 mg . Residual effects on visuo-motor coordination were related to dose both in their persistence and in the decrement at a given time interval (Figure 1), afid in this way the studies supported previous investigations (Von Felsinger et al, 1953;Malpas et al, 1970;Bond & Lader, 1972) and showed, as did Kornetsky et al (1959), that impaired performance may persist longer with higher (Borland & Nicholson, 1977).…”

Immediate and residual effects in man of the metabolites of diazepam.

“…With visuo-motor co-ordination the subjects reported impaired performance 0.5 h (P< 0.05) after morning ingestion of 10 mg diazepam, 0.5 h (P < 0.01) after the morning ingestion of 20 mg temazepam, and 2.5 and 4.5 h (P < 0.05) after the morning ingestion of 5% = 0.34; 1 % = 0.45; 0.1 %= 0.59 within doses (* = 5%; ** = 1 %; *** = 0.1%). (Borland & Nicholson, 1977), but, that it should not be repeated at intervals of less than 48 h. Within this dose range, diazepam has useful hypnotic activity . Oxazepam, 15-30 mg, is also without residual effects, but the relatively slow absorption of the drug (Wyeth-Internal Report) and the lack of effect on sleep onset latencies (Nicholson & Stone, 1978) , and, like oxazepam, has the advantage that its metabolism is not complicated by a long acting metabolite, and so repeated ingestion may not be contraindicated.…”

Effect of the 1,5‐benzodiazepines, clobazam and triflubazam, on sleep in man.

“…However, the repeated use of diazepam may lead to residual effects because of its long acting metabolite, nordiazepam, and the adverse assessments of well being the morning after ingestion of clobazam may influence acceptability. The effects of nordiazepam on performance are uncertain (Tansella, Zimmerman-Tansella & Lader, 1974;Palva & Linnoila, 1975, (unpublished observations); Borland & Nicholson, 1977), though it is likely that psychomotor impairment may be minimal, and may be overcome by increased effort. With clobazam it is difficult to reconcile the adverse assessments after overnight ingestion with the observations on sleep and on performance, and so the assessments may not be a consistent effect and may not be of clinical importance.…”