Residual Effects of Range Renovation on Dense Clubmoss and Associated Vegetation

Dolan, John Joseph; Taylor, J.E.

doi:10.2307/3896660

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…in 1991, a year of very wet conditions. Club moss can have a negative influence on forage yields (Dolan and Taylor 1972). In contrast to our results, Bremer et al (1994), in a Dark Brown Chernozem in southern Alberta, reported significantly greater (P < 0.05) amounts of total N in the 0-to 30-cm depth under a native grass (Agropyron spp.)…”

Section: Soc Changes -Effect Of Crop Residue Inputscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Quantifying short-term effects of crop rotations on soil organic carbon in southwestern Saskatchewan

Campbell¹,

Zentner²,

Selles³

et al. 2000

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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. 2000. Quantifying short-term effects of crop rotations on soil organic carbon in southwestern Saskatchewan. . Crop management practices can have a major influence on soil fertility and soil organic C (SOC) sequestration. We need to accurately measure and estimate changes in SOC in the short term (<20 yr). A 10-yr crop rotation experiment, conducted on a medium-textured Orthic Brown Chernozem at Swift Current, in southwestern Saskatchewan, was sampled in 1990 (3 yr after initiation of the study) and in 1993 and 1996, to measure SOC changes under nine crop rotation treatments. Minimum tillage practices were used. The stubble was cut high to enhance snow trap and N and P fertilizer applied based on soil tests. Grain and straw yields of the cereals, and hay yields of the crested wheatgrass (CWG) [Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaeertn.] were measured annually. An empirical equation which uses two simultaneous first order kinetic expressions, one to estimate crop residue decomposition and the other to estimate soil humus C mineralization was used, together with crop residue (straw and estimated root) C inputs, to estimate SOC changes over the 1987 to 1996 period. The estimated SOC values for the 1990 to 1996 period were generally similar to the measured values (r 2 = 0.64, P < 0.0001). Significant (P < 0.10) changes in SOC were not observed below 15 cm depth, perhaps because shallow tillage (10-to 12.5-cm depth) is practiced. A change from cropland to CWG did not increase SOC, and this treatment, chemical fallow-winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-spring wheat (F-WW-W), and F-high-yielding (Hy) Canada Prairie Spring (CPS) wheat-Hy (F-Hy-Hy) rotations, had the lowest SOC gains among the rotations. The CPS wheat had a higher harvest index (0.46) than hard red spring (HRS) wheat (0.39), but it increased SOC less than the comparable HRS wheat rotation between 1990 and 1996 indicating that higher grain yields do not always equate to higher SOC. Weather conditions were favourable for cereals from 1990 to 1996 and we measured significant increases in SOC (up to 5.5 Mg ha -1 in 6 yr). This is encouraging for producers who may be contemplating participating in "C trading", although this also suggests that periods of less favourable weather will limit gains in SOC. Summerfallowing once in 4 yr in this semiarid environment did not reduce SOC gains compared to continuous wheat (Cont W). For example, a F-W-W-W rotation gained 4.88 Mg C ha -1 in 6 yr while continuous wheat gained 5 Mg ha -1 . Growing Indianhead lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) as a legume green manure crop (GM) with wheat in a GM-W-W rotation did not increase SOC more than F-W-W. The efficiencies of conversion of residue C to SOC were high, ranging between 9% for frequently fallowed systems to 29% for continuously cropped systems, likely due to the favourable weather conditions experienced.Key words: Carbon sequestration, legume green manure, crested wheatgrass, harvest index effect, C conversion efficiencies Campbell, C. A., Zentner, R. P., Selles, F., Biederbeck, V. ...

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Section: Soc Changes -Effect Of Crop Residue Inputscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Quantifying short-term effects of crop rotations on soil organic carbon in southwestern Saskatchewan

Campbell¹,

Zentner²,

Selles³

et al. 2000

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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“…Water loss increased through evaporation owing to higher temperature and wind at soil surface, and through runoff owing to soil compaction. Surface soil drying was observed in grazed grasslands (Dolan and Taylor 1972). Therefore, an elevation of surface soil pH reflected a decrease in soil humidity in L. chinensis and A. frigida grassland following grazing (Fig.4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effect of long‐term grazing on soil organic carbon content in semiarid steppes in Inner Mongolia

Cui¹,

Wang²,

Niu³

et al. 2005

Ecological Research

123

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To clarify the response of soil organic carbon (SOC) content to season-long grazing in the semiarid typical steppes of Inner Mongolia, we examined the aboveground biomass and SOC in both grazing (G-site) and no grazing (NG-site) sites in two typical steppes dominated by Leymus chinensis and Stipa grandis, as well as one seriously degraded L. chinensis grassland dominated by Artemisia frigida. The NG-sites had been fenced for 20 years in L. chinensis and S. grandis grasslands and for 10 years in A. frigida grassland. Aboveground biomass at G-sites was 21-35% of that at NGsites in L. chinensis and S. grandis grasslands. The SOC, however, showed no significant difference between G-site and NG-site in both grasslands. In the NG-sites, aboveground biomass was significantly lower in A. frigida grassland than in the other two grasslands. The SOC in A. frigida grassland was about 70% of that in L. chinensis grassland. In A. frigida grassland, aboveground biomass in the G-site was 68-82% of that in the NGsite, whereas SOC was significantly lower in the G-site than in the NG-site. Grazing elevated the surface soil pH in L. chinensis and A. frigida communities. A spatial heterogeneity in SOC and pH in the topsoil was not detected the G-site within the minimal sampling distance of 10 m. The results suggested that compensatory growth may account for the relative stability of SOC in G-sites in typical steppes. The SOC was sensitive to heavy grazing and difficult to recover after a significant decline caused by overgrazing in semiarid steppes.

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“…The unsatisfactory yield of CWG may be partly due to invasion of the plots by spike moss in the wet year of 1991. Moss can have a negative effect on forage yields (Dolan and Taylor 1972). We estimated that, in spring 1999, moss covered an average of 4.4% of the plot area.…”

Section: Soil C Levelsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Restoring organic matter in a cultivated, semiarid soil using crested wheatgrass

Curtin¹,

Selles²,

Wang³

et al. 2000

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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Planting of cultivated land with perennial forages may increase C sequestration in soil organic matter and contribute to atmospheric CO2 mitigation strategies. However, little is known of the effectiveness of introduced grasses in restoring organic C in cultivated soils of the Canadian prairies. Our objective was to evaluate the C sequestration potential of crested wheatgrass (CWG) (Agropyron cristatum L. Gaertn.), a widely introduced, early-season grass. In 1995 and 1996, we measured soil CO2 fluxes, C inputs in plant material and total soil C under CWG and a fallow-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-wheat rotation (F-W-W). These were two of the treatments in a replicated crop rotation experiment initiated in 1987 in southwestern Saskatchewan on a medium-textured soil that had previously been under long-term wheat production. Average to above-average growing season (1 May to 31 July) precipitation in 1995–1996 resulted in annual inputs of C in wheat residues of 3000–4500 kg ha−1. Growth of CWG, which was hayed and removed, was relatively poor in both years, but especially in 1995 when dry matter yield was only 1300 kg ha−1. For the 1988–1996 period, there was a strong correlation (R2 = 0.81; P < 0.001) between CWG yield and precipitation received in May, showing the importance of early spring rains determining CWG yield and C inputs to the soil. Carbon inputs under CWG (1200 kg ha−1 in 1995 and 2400 kg ha−1 in 1996) were less than under wheat but CO2-C emissions were similar under CWG and wheat. Soil C measurements in fall 1996 confirmed that CWG did not gain C relative to the F-W-W rotation. Although failure of CWG soil to store more C than cultivated soil may be partly because weather conditions during the experiment were more favourable for wheat than CWG, our results cast doubt on the ability of CWG to restore C stocks in prairie soils degraded by long-term cropping. Key words: Carbon sequestation, carbon dioxide emissions, wheat, crested wheatgrass, fallow

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Residual Effects of Range Renovation on Dense Clubmoss and Associated Vegetation

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

Quantifying short-term effects of crop rotations on soil organic carbon in southwestern Saskatchewan

Quantifying short-term effects of crop rotations on soil organic carbon in southwestern Saskatchewan

Effect of long‐term grazing on soil organic carbon content in semiarid steppes in Inner Mongolia

Restoring organic matter in a cultivated, semiarid soil using crested wheatgrass

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