Residual Risk of Transmission of HIV and Hepatitis B and C by Blood Transfusion in Bukavu in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the incidence rates of HIV1/2 antibodies, HBV and HCV antibodies among voluntary blood donors and to estimate the residual risk of HIV, HBV and HCV infection among blood donors in Bukavu. We conducted a follow-up cohort study of volunteer blood donors who have made at least two blood donations in Bukavu (DRC) between January 2010 and December 2012. We recorded 2986 volunteer blood donors during the study period. The residual risk of viral transmission associated with the serological window was considered as equals to the incidence rate multiplied by the duration of the serological window period divided by 365. Seroprevalence in volunteer blood donors in Bukavu was 1.1% for HIV 1/2 antibodies, 4.0% for HBs Ag and 2.1% for hepatitis C antibody. The number of conversion between two blood donations (incident cases) were observed is 8, 12 and 37 donors respectively for HIV 1/2, HCV and hepatitis B between 2010 and 2012. Incidence rates reported for 1000 person-years were 11.0 for HIV, 51.7 for HBV and 17.1 for HCV. The residual risk as estimated from the window was 0.6 per 1000 donations or 1/1.515 donations for HIV, 3.1 per 1000 donations or 1/329 for HCV and 7.9 per 1000 donations or 1/126 donations for hepatitis B. The residual risk is high. The screening tests are not * Corresponding author. J. M. Kabinda et al. 158enough to ensure safe blood. The reduction of residual risk would be achieved through the effectiveness of preventive measures taken for transfusion chain, before and after the biological qualification of blood donation.

Seroprevalence and determinants of transfusion transmissible infections among voluntary blood donors in Homabay, Kisumu and Siaya counties in western Kenya

“…The HIV seroprevalence of 1.15% detected among blood donors is indicative of low seroprevalence and decreased susceptibility to HIV infections. Similar studies in DRC reported similar result of 1.1% seroprevalence [ 7 ]. However, in Ethiopia, a relatively higher seroprevalence of 3.8% was reported [ 1 ].…”

“…Globally, about 1.6 million blood units are destroyed annually owing to TTIs seropositivity [ 5 ], with 10% discarded in sub-Saharan Africa [ 6 ]. In the neighbouring Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), risk of transfusion-transmitted HIV, HBV and HCV was estimated at 0.6, 7.9 and 3.1 infections per 1000 donations, respectively [ 7 ]. Here in Kenya, an estimated risk of transfusion-transmitted HIV was reported at 2% [ 8 ].…”

Estimating the extent of subclinical arteriosclerosis of persons with prediabetes and diabetes mellitus among Japanese urban workers and their families: a cross-sectional study

“…Namekata et al observed that odds ratios of abnormally high CAVI scores in an association with diabetes after making adjustment for ages were 10.02 for men and 8.42 for women, compared with those who did not have diabetes [14]. In our recent study significant ORs of prediabetes and diabetes were observed in association with most CVD risk factors including age, hypertension, triglycerides ≥ 200 mg/dl and BMI ≥ 25 in both genders [19]. Our results imply much faster advancement of arteriosclerosis among persons both with prediabetes and with diabetes than in the normal persons.…”

Contrôle de qualité virologique du sang transfusé dans la ville de Bukavu, Sud Kivu, République Démocratique du Congo

“…Dans leur étude sur la prévalence et incidence du VIH et de l'hépatite B chez les donneurs de sang et sur l'estimation du risque résiduel de transmission du VIH et du virus VHB par la transfusion sanguine à Bukavu en 2009, Namululi et al avaient trouvé une incidence de 3,57/1000 personnes-années pour le VIH et 25,4/1000 personnes-année avec un risque résiduel de 0,22 et de 3,9 successivement pour les deux virus [ 2 ]. En 2014, dans cette même ville, Kabinda et al dans une étude sur les facteurs associés aux infections virales chez les donneurs de sang, avaient noté une prévalence de 4,8% d'hépatite B, 3,9% d'hépatite C et 1,6% de VIH chez les donneurs [ 4 ]. Ils avaient également retenu un risque résiduel de la transfusion sanguine de 0,6/1000 dons, 3,1/1000 dons, 7,9/1000 dons successivement pour le HIV, HCV et l'antigène HBs [ 4 ].…”

“…Parmi les causes de la non-sécurité de la transfusion sanguine en Afrique Subsaharienne, on cite le manque de ressources matérielles pour tester et conserver le sang et le manque des ressources humaines suffisamment formées pour bien réaliser les analyses biologiques [ 2 ]. Plusieurs études sur la transfusion sanguine montrent un important risque résiduel infectieux caractérisé par l'utilisation des tests incapables de déceler les anticorps des virus durant la période de séroconversion [ 1 - 4 ]. Après plusieurs dons sanguins, certains donneurs se voient être diagnostiqués séropositifs pour l'un ou l'autre marqueur infectieux.…”