Residues from long‐acting antimicrobial preparations in injection sites in cattle

Mawhinney, Helen; Oakenfull, S M; Nicholls, T. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1996.tb14816.x

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Therefore, the finding of no significant difference between GnRH and saline may be confounded with this smaller volume. Volume of injection has been associated with size of the injection site lesion (Mawhinney et al, 1996), although this was for the long-acting antibiotic oxytetracycline. We elected to use the dosages of drugs used clinically in this first investigation into the assessment of muscle damage because we had no hypothesis as to the impact of volume of injection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of intramuscular injection of dinoprost or gonadotropin-releasing hormone in dairy cows on beef quality1

Fajt

Wagner

et al. 2011

Journal of Animal Science

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Intramuscular injections of drugs and vaccines cause tissue damage and subsequent effects on tenderness and consumer acceptability of beef. In the 2007 National Market Cow and Bull Beef Quality Audit, 100% of plants reported fabricating subprimal cuts such as rib eyes and tenderloins from cow and bull carcasses. Dairy beef quality should therefore be a consideration when injections are given to dairy animals. The discussion about injection site reactions and tenderness has focused on vaccines and antimicrobial drugs with little concern for the effects of reproductive hormones. The objective of this study was to quantify antemortem the effects of semimembranosis/semitendinosis muscle injection of dinoprost and GnRH in lactating dairy cows by estimating the weight of tissue damaged and comparing that with a drug known to cause extensive tissue damage, flunixin meglumine. Tissue damage was estimated from previously reported equations for grams of muscle tissue damage based on area under the curve of serum concentrations of the muscle enzyme creatine kinase over time. Dinoprost and flunixin injection both caused a significantly increased estimate of muscle tissue damaged compared with needle only (P = 0.0351 and 0.0355, respectively). Dinoprost and flunixin caused a marginally significant increased muscle tissue damage compared with GnRH (P = 0.1394 and 0.1475, respectively). No statistically significant difference was found between the estimated weight of muscle tissue damaged by flunixin compared with dinoprost (P = 1.0000), or by saline compared with GnRH (P = 0.7736) or needle only (P = 0.4902). The assumption that reproductive hormones are less damaging than vaccines and antimicrobial drugs should be examined more closely, including postmortem evaluation of injection site lesions and effects on tenderness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of intramuscular injection of dinoprost or gonadotropin-releasing hormone in dairy cows on beef quality1

Fajt

Wagner

et al. 2011

Journal of Animal Science

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“…administration, injection volume influences both the quantity of tissue discarded (George et al. , 1997) and the concentration of residues at injection sites (Mawhinney et al. , 1996).…”

Section: Issues That Set Injection Site Residues Apartmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, 1996). Studies in cattle demonstrated that the administration of 10 mL or less of long‐acting oxytetracycline per injection site resulted in minimal tissue damage and an absence of cysts with residues at the injection site of 0.1 mg/kg or less at 45 days postinjection (Mawhinney et al. , 1996).…”

Section: Issues That Set Injection Site Residues Apartmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…route where possible (George et al. , 1996a), and limiting the maximum volume administered at a single site (Mawhinney et al. , 1996; Van Donkersgoed et al.…”

Section: Issues That Set Injection Site Residues Apartmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…administration, injection volume influences both the quantity of tissue discarded (George et al, 1997) and the concentration of residues at injection sites (Mawhinney et al, 1996). Studies in cattle demonstrated that the administration of 10 mL or less of long-acting oxytetracycline per injection site resulted in minimal tissue damage and an absence of cysts with residues at the injection site of 0.1 mg/kg or less at 45 days postinjection (Mawhinney et al, 1996). Although limiting the maximum volume administered per injection site decreases the irritation at each site, it creates multiple sites of irritation.…”

Section: Injection Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

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Residues of veterinary drugs at injection sites

Reeves

2007

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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Residues of veterinary drugs have potential implications for human food safety and international trade in animal-derived food commodities. A particular concern is the slow depletion of residues of some injectable formulations from the site of administration. Licensing authorities have adopted different approaches to the human food safety assessment of injection site residues. European agencies apply the maximum residue limit (MRL) for muscle to muscle at the injection site and specify a withdrawal period sufficient to ensure the ingestion of a 300 g portion of muscle, if comprised entirely of injection site tissue, does not exceed the acceptable daily intake. The agencies in Australia, Canada and the USA also exclude injection site residues from the MRL-setting process. These agencies evaluate the risk to consumers posed by potential acute manifestations resulting from the infrequent ingestion of injection site residues based on acute dietary exposure considerations. While all of these approaches protect the safety of consumers, the adoption of different approaches has potential implications for residue surveillance programs in the international trade in meat. In particular, when an exporting country establishes standards for residues at injection sites based on acute dietary exposure considerations and the importing country assesses these residues against the MRL for muscle, the unnecessary condemnation of meat and disruption to market access may result. The latter may represent a potential economical impost to the exporting country. An internationally harmonized approach to the risk analysis of residues of veterinary drugs at injection sites, which protects the safety of consumers and facilitates the international trade in meat, is needed.

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Maximum Residue Limits

Woodward¹

2009

Veterinary Pharmacovigilance

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Residues from long‐acting antimicrobial preparations in injection sites in cattle

Abstract: A review of the maximum injection volume, site of injection and the withholding period is needed for long-acting OTC formulations.

Cited by 12 publications

References 1 publication

The effect of intramuscular injection of dinoprost or gonadotropin-releasing hormone in dairy cows on beef quality1

The effect of intramuscular injection of dinoprost or gonadotropin-releasing hormone in dairy cows on beef quality1

Residues of veterinary drugs at injection sites

Maximum Residue Limits

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