Resilience and Vulnerability: Neurodevelopment of Very Preterm Children at Four Years of Age

Young, Julia M.; Vandewouw, Marlee M.; Whyte, Hilary; Leijser, Lara M.; Taylor, Margot J.

doi:10.3389/fnhum.2020.00219

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Further, SA was not a robust predictor of GA in the replication sample. These findings are perhaps not surprising given the inconsistent findings related to SA in the prior literature ( Skranes et al, 2013 ; Grunewaldt et al, 2014 ; Sølsnes et al, 2015 ; Zhang et al, 2015 ; Mürner-Lavanchy et al, 2018 ; Hasler et al, 2020 ; Sripada et al, 2018 ; Young et al, 2020 ). Considering the pattern of effects for SA and CT, we see that in both there are reductions in children with PTB in temporoparietal regions, but estimates diverge in several other regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Long-Term Effects of Preterm Birth on Children’s Brain Structure: An Analysis of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study

Nath

Beltrano

Haynes

et al. 2023

eNeuro

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Approximately 10% of births are preterm (PTB; <37 weeks gestational age; GA), which confers risk for cognitive, behavioral, and mental health challenges. Using the large and relatively diverse (i.e., designed to reflect sociodemographic variation in the US population) Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSMStudy (ABCD Study®), we characterized the impact of PTB on brain structure in middle-late childhood (9-10 years). The ABCD sample covers the GA spectrum, and the large sample size (∼11,500) permits consideration of how associations between PTB and brain structure are impacted by GA, sex, birthweight, and analytic choices such as controlling for total brain size. We found a pattern of relative cortical thinning in temporoparietal and dorsal prefrontal regions and thickening of medial prefrontal and occipital regions in PTB compared to children born full term (≥37 weeks GA). This pattern was apparent when controlling for mean thickness and when considering moderate (>32 and <37 weeks GA) and very PTB (≤32 weeks GA) separately, relative to full term birth. Surface area and subcortical volumes showed reductions in PTB children that were largely attenuated when controlling for brain size. Effects on cortical thickness and surface area were partially mediated by birthweight. Although boys are at increased risk for adverse outcomes following PTB, there was limited evidence of sex differences of PTB effects. Finally, cortical thickness effects estimated in a ‘discovery’ sample (N=7528) predicted GA in a holdout ‘replication’ sample (N=2139). Our findings help to clarify the effects of PTB on brain structure into late childhood across the GA spectrum.SignificancePreterm birth (PTB) affects ∼10% of children and increases the risk of neurodevelopmental and mental health challenges. Here we examined long-term effects of PTB on brain structure in middle-late childhood in the large and relatively diverse ABCD sample. We further assessed the influence of gestational age, sex, birthweight, controlling for brain size and data quality. Our findings replicate a pattern of occipitotemporal and dorsal prefrontal cortical thinning in PTB that was seen in both moderate preterm and very preterm relative to full-term birth. Effects were similar in males and females and partially mediated by birthweight. Our findings suggest that community-recruited children born preterm show a pattern of structural alterations on a continuum that relates to gestational age and birthweight.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Reduced SA has also been found in anterior temporal ( Sølsnes et al, 2015 ), inferior frontal ( Sølsnes et al, 2015 ), and ventral visual ( Sripada et al, 2018 ; Hasler et al, 2020 ) regions. However, some studies have reported no group differences in SA ( Mürner-Lavanchy et al, 2018 ; Young et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Long-Term Effects of Preterm Birth on Children’s Brain Structure: An Analysis of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study

Nath

Beltrano

Haynes

et al. 2023

eNeuro

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“…Differences in adjusted temporal lobe volumes could indicate altered brain organization in infants with CAH, with a potential association with intrauterine exposure to excess androgens. Notably, unaffected male infants have been found to exhibit higher adjusted temporal volumes compared to unaffected female infants [30], and increases in adjusted temporal lobe volumes are known to be related to poor cognitive outcomes later in life [31]. It would be worthwhile to study further the relationship between early brain differences and later developmental changes in children with CAH.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infants with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Exhibit Thalamic Discrepancies in Early Brain Structure

Rajagopalan

Overholtzer²,

Kim³

et al. 2023

Horm Res Paediatr

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Introduction: Patients with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) have prenatal and postnatal hormonal imbalances. To characterize the ontogeny of reported brain and behavior changes in older children with CAH, we aimed to study brain structure in infants with CAH compared to healthy controls. Methods: We performed neuroimaging in 16 infants with classical CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency [8 males, gestational age 38.2 ± 1.7 weeks, post-conceptional age (PCA) 42.2 ± 3.0 weeks] and 14 control infants (9 males, gestational age 38.5 ± 1.8 weeks, PCA 42.5 ± 2.4 weeks) utilizing 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging. Regional brain volumes were adjusted for PCA and sex, along with an additional adjustment for total brain volume (TBV), for group comparisons by regression analyses [mean, 95% confidence interval (CI)]. The degree to which each brain region was differentiated between CAH and control infants was examined by relaimpo analyses, adjusting for all other brain regions, PCA, and sex. Results: Infants with CAH had significantly smaller thalamic volumes [8606 mm3, 95% CI (8209, 9002)] compared to age-matched control infants [9215 mm3, 95% CI (8783, 9647); β = -609; p = 0.02], which remained smaller after further adjustment for TBV. Upon further adjustment for TBV, the temporal lobe was larger in infants with CAH [66817 mm3, CI (65957, 67677)] compared to controls [65616 mm3, CI (64680, 66551); β = 1202, p = 0.03]. The brain regions most differentiated between CAH vs controls were the thalamus (22%) and parietal lobe (10%). Conclusions: Infants with CAH exhibit smaller thalamic regions from early life, suggesting a prenatal influence on brain development in CAH. Thalamic emergence at 8-14 weeks makes the region particularly vulnerable to changes in the intrauterine environment, with potential implications for later maturing brain regions. These changes may take time to manifest, meriting longitudinal study through adolescence in CAH.

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“…Despite the incredible advancement of neonatal intensive care, preterm born neonates are at greater risk of developing neurodevelopmental deficits and psychiatric disorders later in life than full-term born neonates (Ortinau & Neil, 2015;Volpe, 2009a). The common believe is that these developmental insults may deleteriously have an impact on microscale (van Tilborg et al, 2018) and macroscale neonatal brain growth trajectories around term equivalent age (Kelly et al, 2016;Monson et al, 2016) and during childhood (de Kieviet et al, 2012;Lax et al, 2013;Ment et al, 2009;Nosarti et al, 2014;Taylor et al, 2011;Young et al, 2020). Even in the absence of macroscopic brain damage, decreases in brain volumes in preterm born children are predictors for general cognitive function impairments later in life (Cheong et al, 2013;Hadaya & Nosarti, 2020;Kelly et al, 2016;Keunen et al, 2016;Nosarti et al, 2008;Taylor et al, 2011;Thompson et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A blueprint of the developing mind

Turk¹

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The cortex undergoes rapid expansion during the third trimester of pregnancy, a process arguably under strong genetic control. Bringing together data on fetal brain growth patterns as measured by MRI and data on cortical spatial gene expression during brain development, we examined the role of spatiotemporal gene transcriptional profiles in this process of cortical growth between 24 and 38 postconceptional weeks (pcw) of pregnancy. We correlate spatial gene expression with cortical growth, and reveal the top 100 correlating genes for three fetal age stages (24-30 pcw, 30-34 pcw, and 34-38 pcw). Gene-set analysis did not show any significant enrichment of the top 100 genes in biological pathways between 24 and 34 pcw, while significant enrichment was found for pathways in "Neurotransmitter receptors and postsynaptic signal transmission", "Transmission across chemical synapses", and "Neuronal system" between 34 and 38 pcw. Moreover, we show that "neural circuitry" genes -genes that are involved in axon growth and synaptogenesis-are particularly associated with the spatial pattern of cortical growth, suggesting that patterns of cortical growth during the last stage of pregnancy are under control of circuitry maturation genes. In conclusion, this study highlights new biological pathways -in axon and synapse development and neurotransmission-that are important for prenatal cortical development near birth.

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Resilience and Vulnerability: Neurodevelopment of Very Preterm Children at Four Years of Age

Cited by 7 publications

References 42 publications

Long-Term Effects of Preterm Birth on Children’s Brain Structure: An Analysis of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study

Long-Term Effects of Preterm Birth on Children’s Brain Structure: An Analysis of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study

Infants with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Exhibit Thalamic Discrepancies in Early Brain Structure

A blueprint of the developing mind

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