Resilience of branching and massive corals to wave loading under sea level rise – A coupled computational fluid dynamics-structural analysis

Baldock, Tom E.; Karampour, Hassan; Sleep, Rachael; Vyltla, Anisha; Albermani, Faris; Golshani, Aliasghar; Callaghan, David P.; Roff, George; Mumby, Peter J.

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.07.038

Cited by 45 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Understanding characteristics of the flow regime around a bluff body and resultant forces are of importance in various engineering applications where fluid-structure interaction has to be considered such as wind engineering and offshore engineering. Extensive studies have been performed on analysing the unsteady wake around circular and square cylinders, through numerical modelling (Braza et al 1986;Gallardo et al 2017;Meliga et al 2016;Norberg 1993;Palei and Seifert 2007;Park et al 1998;Sohankar et al 1998b;Swaddiwudhipong et al 2007;Travin et al 2000;Baldock at al. 2014) and laboratory experiments (Bearman and Zdravkovich 1978;Norberg 1994;Sumner and Akosile 2003;Williamson 1989;Wood et al 2016;Zdravkovich 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of flow around hexagonal and textured cylinders

Karampour

Lefebure

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering

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The flow regime around a hexagonal polygon with low Reynolds numbers Re<200 is numerically investigated in two different orientations namely face-oriented and corneroriented. The basic flow characteristics, including drag coefficient, lift coefficient, Strouhal number and critical Reynolds number of the hexagonal cylinders, are calculated using 2D transient numerical analysis. Within the studied range of Re, the predicted lift coefficient and Strouhal number of the face-oriented hexagon were higher than those of the corneroriented hexagon. In contrast, the predicted drag coefficient and critical Reynolds number of the corner-oriented hexagon were greater than those of the face-oriented. Flow characteristics of a novel textured geometry are also studied using 3D transient analysis. The Strouhal number St of the textured geometry was found to be in between the St of both the hexagonal cylinders, and its lift coefficient is lower than that of the hexagonal cylinders.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of flow around hexagonal and textured cylinders

Karampour

Lefebure

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering

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“…The reef top bathymetry also influences lagoon flushing, mixing processes and nutrient supply, and governs reef top hydrodynamics and wave forces on corals (Baldock et al, 2014a). Breakage of coral also leads to sediment supply, and is also likely influenced by SLR induced changes in water depth over barrier reefs (Baldock et al, 2014b). Therefore, the morphological response of reef-island beaches is strongly dependent on topography and geomorphic characteristics (Woodroffe, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of sea-level rise on cross-shore sediment transport on fetch-limited barrier reef island beaches under modal and cyclonic conditions

Baldock

Golshani

Atkinson

et al. 2015

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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“…Variation in bleaching response among coral species has been attributed to diverse factors both intrinsic to the holobiont (e.g., thermotolerance of Symbiodinium and the interactions between coral, Symbiodinium, and other microbes; Baird et al, 2009;Leggat et al, 2011;Cunning and Baker, 2013;Krediet et al, 2013) and extrinsic from the environment (e.g., site-specific environmental conditions and frequency of thermal anomalies; McClanahan and Maina, 2003;Guest et al, 2012;Pratchett et al, 2013). Furthermore, the diversity of skeletal macro features observed among coral species are the result of simultaneous optimization of light capture and other vital functions including respiration and metabolite exchange between tissues and the environment (mass transfer; van Woesik et al, 2012), particle capture (Sebens et al, 1997), reproduction (Soong and Lang, 1992), and structural stability (Baldock et al, 2014). These forms are constrained by physical limitations imposed by the materials (Jimenez and Cortes, 1993;Boller et al, 2002) and three dimensional geometry of assembling modules (polyps) into a colony (Barbeitos, 2012), the physiological integration of those units (Coates and Oliver, 1973;Coates and Jackson, 1987;Soong andLang, 1992 andSwain et al, 2018), and the evolutionary history of the species (Barbeitos et al, 2010;Budd et al, 2012).…”

Section: Skeletal Structures Of Varying Length Scales Known To Modulamentioning

confidence: 99%

Relating Coral Skeletal Structures at Different Length Scales to Growth, Light Availability to Symbiodinium, and Thermal Bleaching

et al. 2018

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Light scattering of coral skeletons and tissues increases light availability to photosynthetic endosymbionts to form one of the most efficient biological collectors of solar radiation. Rapid increases in light availability during thermally-induced symbiont loss (bleaching) impair photosynthetic performance of the remaining Symbiodinium and precipitate a more severe bleaching response (optical feedback-loop hypothesis). Here we focus on light scattering of the skeleton, which is determined by light interaction with skeletal components assembled in a hierarchical fractal-like structure from tens of nanometers (e.g., calcium carbonate nanograins) to micro-and millimeters (septa, corallites, and coenosteum) to centimeters and higher (colony form). We examined the association between skeletal structures, their role in light scattering, and species-specific bleaching responses for 88 coral species using phylogenetically-corrected analysis. We also explored the effect of growth on light scattering by modeling the fractal-like accretive growth of the skeleton (assuming a diffusion limited process of biomineralization) as a function of skeletal density, size of nanograins, fractal range of biomineralized clusters, and overall mass-fractal dimension, and validated the model with experimental data. Our results show that differences in light scattering from the top ∼200 µm (micro-µ s ′) of the skeleton, and not from the whole skeleton (bulk-µ s ′), are related to bleaching susceptibility. We also demonstrate how differences in micro-µ s ′ of corallites and coenosteum could explain, in part, the heterogeneous light environment between polyp and coenosarc. The average effective light transport distance of coenosteum measured in 14 coral species indicates that coenosteum could transport light to the corallites, which could then function as "light-trapping devices" where photons are scattered multiple times by septa and corallite walls until absorbed by Symbiodinium. Furthermore, our fractal skeletal growth model suggests that corals that grow faster typically have lower mass-fractal dimension, denser skeletons, lower skeletal micro-µ s ′ , and higher bleaching susceptibility. Finally, our results demonstrate that several skeletal structures of varying Swain et al. Coral Skeletal Properties and Bleaching length scales known to modulate the light microenvironment of Symbiodinium in coral tissue are not associated with bleaching susceptibility. This work provides evidence of the relationship between skeletal growth, light scattering, and bleaching, and further supports the optical feedback-loop hypothesis of coral bleaching.

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Resilience of branching and massive corals to wave loading under sea level rise – A coupled computational fluid dynamics-structural analysis

Cited by 45 publications

References 30 publications

Modelling of flow around hexagonal and textured cylinders

Modelling of flow around hexagonal and textured cylinders

Impact of sea-level rise on cross-shore sediment transport on fetch-limited barrier reef island beaches under modal and cyclonic conditions

Relating Coral Skeletal Structures at Different Length Scales to Growth, Light Availability to Symbiodinium, and Thermal Bleaching

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