Resilience of soil functions to transient and persistent stresses is improved more by residue incorporation than the activity of earthworms

Abstract

Resilience of soil functions to transient and persistent stresses is improved more by residue incorporation than the activity of earthworms. Applied Soil Ecology, 139. pp. 10-14.

Soil pH moderates the resistance and resilience of C and N cycling to transient and persistent stress

“…Our study demonstrated greater resilience of C and N processes to heat than to Cu (Figure 2), which is attributed to our heat application being a more transient stress with short and acute effect (Shu et al, 2019). Although soil pH has no direct impact on heat, the effect of pH on functional and microbial resilience to heat may mostly be attributed to selective effects of soil pH on microbial taxa.…”

“…Resistance was the stability measured at 1 day, while resilience was the stability after 1 to 56 days following stress (Shu et al, 2019).…”

“…Climate extremes, such as drought and heat waves, could cause negative fluctuations in soil ecosystems (Bardgett and Caruso, 2020). Copper (Cu) and heat have been widely used as experimentally representative transient and persistent stresses in soil ecosystems (Griffiths et al, 2001;Shu et al, 2019;Zhang et al, 2010). It is imperative to understand soil functional stability under various stresses, which typically is quantified as a combination of resistance (initial response to stress) and resilience (recovery to a stable state) (Griffiths and Philippot, 2013).…”

Role of microbial communities in conferring resistance and resilience of soil carbon and nitrogen cycling following contrasting stresses

“…Resistance was defined as stability measured at day 1 after perturbation, while resilience was estimated as the integrative stability after day 1 up to 28 days following stress [27].…”

“…Soil C mineralization was measured as the short-term cysteine was prepared and filter-sterilised [27]. Two g soil was mixed with 120 µl of this solution to give a concentration of 3 mg C soil g -1 and stored in an air-tight gas vial (22 ml) over 24 hours at 20 °C, prior to measurement of CO2-C concentration on a gas chromatograph (Agilent 7890A, UK) with a thermal conductivity detector (Agilent Technologies, UK).…”