Resiliency constraint proactive scheduling against hurricane in multiple energy carrier microgrid

Abstract

Hurricane, as one of the most frequent natural events, causes damage to the infrastructure of the upstream networks of multiple energy carrier microgrids (MECMs). Thus, the supply continuity of critical loads is threatened due to sudden islanding of MECMs from the upstream networks. Therefore, providing a framework to enhance the resilience of MECMs against this threat is necessary. In response to this issue, this paper presents a proactive optimal operation scheduling approach that is constrained to the feasible islanding of MECM from the upstream networks as well as the continuous suppling of the critical loads until the return of the upstream networks. Proposed resiliency constraint proactive scheduling is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) that considers the interdependence between all three electric, gas and heat networks. The demand responsibility of all three electric, thermal and gas loads is used to consider the satisfaction of the consumer beside economic and resilient operation. Furthermore, both normal operation and contingency‐based uncertainties are taken into account and captured using a robust optimization method. Then in order to evaluate the resilience of the MECM, feasible islanding and preparedness indices are proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of proposed approach is illustrated using an MECM test.

Operational resilience metrics for power systems with penetration of renewable resources

“…This can pose a significant challenge for power systems with high levels of renewable energy, as they may have low inertia and may struggle to maintain stability during major disturbances. To address this concern, resilience metrics for power systems are needed to evaluate the system's ability to prevent, withstand, adapt to, and quickly recover from disruptive events [8][9][10][11]. Conventionally, evaluation models for power system are constructed to evaluate the unbalanced and unstable operation status in transient and steady states separately [12][13][14][15], and strategies are proposed to mitigate operational state in post-event period [16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

“…In current research works, the related model set-up and metric construction for the evaluation are mainly focusing on single period, which is not applicable to estimate the whole event process. The authors in [8][9][10] proposed a resilient philosophy consisting of state awareness metrics that indicate the changing conditions. Although the developed agents have addressed boundary conditions, they merely use data and time measurements to recognize the disturbance occurred in power systems, but have not addressed possible response.…”