Resilient and event‐triggered sliding mode load frequency control for multi‐area power systems under hybrid cyber attacks

Abstract

The attacks on power systems have been happening all the time, and gradually changing from a single attack to hybrid multiple cyber attacks. Such hybrid attacks may cause more catastrophic damages to the security and safety of multi‐area power systems. Here, the security control problem is analyzed for multi‐area power systems under hybrid cyber attacks. Two Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals are constructed, and by utilizing the second‐order canonical Bessel–Legendre inequality, sufficient conditions are derived for stability criteria under resilient event‐triggered mechanism. A bound with H∞$H_{\infty }$ security performance is obtained under hybrid cyber attacks. A proper controller is synthesized to ensure that the trajectory of the multi‐area power systems can be driven onto the prescribed sliding surface. Finally, numerical examples and simulated results demonstrate the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed scheme.

Frequency Fluctuation Mitigation in a Single-Area Power System Using LQR-Based Proportional Damping Compensator

“…In [17], a tuning-free PID control method was presented for a second-order plus time delay (SOPTD) system. In paper [18][19][20], an LFC power system was implemented with a PI-type SMC. Because of the use of PI, the required settling time is comparatively high.…”

“…6647s 2 − 0.9353s + 4.249e −17 s 5 + 100.5s 4 + 7.201e 5 s 3 + 5.095e 6 s 2 + 7.6e 6 s + 1.497e 7(19) …”