Resilient Regions in Brazil: Unfolding the Effects of COVID-19 From a Socioeconomic Perspective

Abstract

At the beginning of 2020, the world was left in an unprecedented state of shock by the COVID-19 pandemic. Brazil quickly became the epicenter of new cases of contamination, where the propagation of the virus was unrestrained, despite boasting one of the strongest Universal health coverage systems in Latin America. This paper has at least three empirical contributions to the literature about economic resilience and the COVID-19 pandemic. Firstly it is a critical issue regarding the “economics versus life” trade-off, which is an essential question for developing countries, given that policymakers must decide between policies to reduce the number of COVID-19 infections without damaging the economy. Secondly, our findings suggest that the early adoption of isolation measures applied in 2020, such as the financial aid and the vaccination have been effective in controlling the effects of the pandemic, especially in vulnerable microregions. Furthermore, it was verified that the Emergency financial aid was a fundamental policy in minimizing the economic impacts of the pandemic and allowing people to practice social distancing, contributing positively to the Employment Resilience Index and negatively related to the growth rate of deaths due to COVID-19. The contribution of our study is to measure an inverted U-shaped curve to demonstrate that policymakers must achieve a minimum of families to decrease the COVID-19 deaths. These contributions are essential and straightforward findings to lead policymakers' decisions in developing countries facing financial constraints in the public budget and population reticence about physical distancing, self-quarantine and vaccination.

Effect of Covid-19 Pandemic on Economic Growth in the World

“…The globalization movement causes the developments in one country to affect other countries in a short time (Pertuak et al, 2023). This is happening with the increase in international trade and communication and the disappearance of borders (Tupy et al, 2023). The Covid-19 epidemic also emerged in China and soon affected the whole world.…”

Analysis of consumers purchase intention in commerce and services in the neighborhood and the Impact of Covid-19

“…For Sayyida et al (2021), the proportion of sales in physical stores before the pandemic was greater than 94% of total retail sales in Latin America, which would make it difficult for consumers not to make purchases in physical stores and seek out commerce and services in the neighborhood. Brazilian entrepreneurs, especially low-income neighborhoods entrepreneurs (including neighborhood commerce and services), had limited access to other sources of income, increasing the importance of the survival of their enterprises (Brito et al, 2022), although financial aid mitigated the impacts of the pandemic (Tupy et al, 2023).…”

Transmission of COVID-19 in the presence of single-dose and double-dose vaccines with hesitancy: mathematical modeling and optimal control analysis

“…Moreover, many COVID-19 experts in HICs argued that vaccinating some countries while neglecting others burdened with COVID-19 created a huge gap in attaining global immunity [18]. Furthermore, a surge in the population of infected individuals could render an advantageous environment for the mutations of the novel corona virus [19]. Hence, vaccine nationalism was regarded as a self-defeating policy [15].…”