Resistance and cross‐resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides and spinosad in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Abstract

The Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), has developed resistance to many insecticides used for its control, recently including imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid compound. Other neonicotinoids are now being deployed to control this pest. A key point in the strategies of resistance management is the monitoring of resistance and cross-resistance. In the summer of 2003, imidacloprid-resistant adult Colorado potato beetles collected from Long Island, New York, USA were bioassayed using topical applications of imidacloprid and nine other neonicotinoids. Compared to a standard susceptible strain, the Long Island beetles showed 309-fold resistance to imidacloprid, and lower levels of cross-resistance to all other neonicotinoids, despite these never having been used in the field, i.e., 59-fold to dinotefuran, 33-fold to clothianidin, 29-fold to acetamiprid, 28-fold to N-methylimidacloprid, 25-fold to thiacloprid, 15-fold to thiamethoxam, 10-fold to nitenpyram, but less than 2-fold to nicotine. In injection bioassays, high resistance to imidacloprid was also found (116-fold). Piperonyl butoxide partially suppressed resistance to imidacloprid, but the resistance level was still over 100-fold, indicating that other mechanisms were primarily responsible for resistance. Low levels of resistance (8- to 10-fold) were found to the nicotinic activator, spinosad, in an imidacloprid-resistant strain collected from the same field in 2004. The cross-resistance seen with all the neonicotinoids tested suggests that the rotation of imidacloprid with other neonicotinoids may not be an effective long-term resistance management strategy. Rotation with spinosad also carries some risk, but it is unlikely that spinosad resistance in this case is mechanistically related to that for the neonicotinoids.

The spinosyn family of insecticides: realizing the potential of natural products research

“…108 Variable degrees of cross-resistance in a variety of pest species between spinosad and some, but not all, other agents have been reported. [109][110][111][112][113][114] Despite the many differences in details, the overriding conclusion of most studies is that rotation of different mechanistic classes of insecticides is critical to manage resistance problems. Combinations of insecticides have also been considered as means to minimize resistance.…”

The cross-resistance patterns and biochemical characteristics of an imidacloprid-resistant strain of the cotton aphid

“…[9][10][11] In addition, cross-resistance between neonicotinoids and other groups of insecticides has been investigated in several pests. 12,13) Neonicotinoid insecticides, including imidacloprid, have replaced pyrethroids, chlorinated hydrocarbons, organophosphates, carbamates, and several other classes of insecticides and have become the primary insecticide for A. gossypii control in China with high effectiveness. 14) However, increasingly, problems of A. gossypii resistance to imidacloprid have been reported.…”

A New Tool for Resistance Management: Baseline Toxicity, Ovicidal Activity, and Field Efficacy of the Novel Insecticide Tolfenpyrad on Colorado Potato Beetle, <i>Leptinotarsa decemlineata</i>

“…The high level of field efficacy on all life stages of L. decemlineata and novel mode of action make tolfenpyradan ideal candidate for resistance management. However, because L. decemlineata has exhibited a variety of mechanisms that facilitate the development of pesticide resistance [18] [39]- [42], additional studies are needed to confirm the physiological impact of tolfenpyrad on L. decemlineata to evaluate the potential for cross-resistance. Nevertheless, potato-producing regions, where L. decemlineata has shown resistance to neonicotinoids and other insecticides, could benefit from incorporating tolfenpyrad into pest management programs.…”

“…Specifically, L. decemlineata has shown resistance to all or some of the compounds classified in the arsenical, organochlorine, carbamate, organophosphate, pyrethroid, and neonicotinoid classes of chemistry [10] [18]. Because potato growers in the United States rely heavily on neonicotinoids at planting for control of L. decemlineata and the concern for cross-resistance [18] [37], it is imperative that growers alternate insecticides with different modes of action [38]. However, potato growers have limited choices for effective non-neonicotinoid foliar insecticide treatments.…”