Resistance and Tolerance of Commercial Onion Cultivars to Stem and Bulb Nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci

Abstract

Nematode resistance and tolerance reactions of 28 onion cultivars grown commercially in Turkey to stem and bulb nematode were studied at 20 °C, 70% RH and 16:8 h L:D photoperiod in growth chamber with 10 replications and at 27±4 °C and 16:8 h L:D photoperiod in greenhouse with 3 replications, respectively. Ditylenchus dipsaci multiplied in all cultivars tested. The lowest multiplication was determined in cv. Valenciana from Atatürk Horticultural Central Research Institute with 91 nematodes/pot and a multiplication rate of 0.5. Plant height of cultivars were significantly different in the first tolerance experiment with having an average plant hight of 33.5 and 103.1 mm for inoculated and inoculated plants, respectively (P<0.05). Onion shoot diameter was statistically greater in nematode inoculated plants with 7.4 mm than inoculated plants with 6.0 mm in second tolerance experiment (P<0.05). Plant weight was not found different in both tolerance experiments with nematode inoculation. There was not any statistically difference among cultivars for plant height, plant diameter, plant weight and nematode multiplication in the experiments. Plant diameter for cv. Betapanko in first tolerance experiment and plant height for the Banko type onion in the second tolerance experiment sustained significant negative correlations with nematode numbers. Plant weight for cv. Biotek Boran in second experiment, plant height for cv. Taraz in second experiment and, plant diameter and plant weight for cv. Taraz in first tolerance experiment sustained significant positive correlations with nematode multiplication. It could be recommended that Valenciana could lower nematode multiplication and Biotek Boran and Taraz could maintain a better plant development in nematode infested onion growing areas.

Türkiye’den toplanan yerel soğan çeşitlerinin soğan sak nematodu Ditylenchus dipsaci’ye dayanıklılık reaksiyonları

“…However, there are few studies focused on resistance of the onion to D. dipsaci. Yavuzaslanoglu et al (2015Yavuzaslanoglu et al ( , 2019 reported some commercial cultivars providing lower nematode multiplication and tolerance to D. dipsaci.…”

“…There have been reports on resistant and tolerant oat, rye, beans, potato and clover cultivars which are host of D. dipsaci (Plowright et al 2002;Mwaura et al 2015). Previous studies reported commercial onion cultivars that provided low nematode reproduction and tolerance to D. dipsaci, under controlled and field conditions (Yavuzaslanoglu et al 2015;Yavuzaslanoglu 2019).…”

Screening of sugar beet pre-breeding populations and breeding lines for resistance to Ditylenchus dipsaci penetration and reproduction

“…Plowright et al (2002) reported high resistance against D. dipsaci in a faba bean line, which has been used to develop resistant cultivars for North Africa. Despite variations in the nematode reproduction rate among onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivars, Yavuzaslanoglu (2019) found no resistance towards D. dipsaci. Caubel et al (1994) demonstrated a positive relationship between symptom expression at 3 weeks postinoculation and D. dipsaci reproduction at 10 weeks postinoculation on red clover.…”

The interaction of the mycorrhizae of the fungus Rhizophagus irregularis (Walker & Schüßler, 2010) (Glomerales: Glomeraceae) and the stem and bulb nematode (Ditylenchus dipsaci Kühn, 1857) (Tylenchida: Anguinidae) on the onion plant (Allium cepa L.) (Asparagales: Amaryllidaceae)

“…Onion plants of the variety Betapanko (Beta Seeds, Konya, Turkey), which is susceptible to the stem and bulb nematode (Yavuzaslanoglu 2019), were grown from seed sown in two plastic pots (17x15x15 cm) containing 6 L of field soil autoclave-sterilised at 121 ℃ for 120 minutes, then treated or untreated with mycorrhizae, at 20 ℃, 70% humidity and 16: 8 hours day: night period, in a growth chamber.…”

“…The stem and bulb nematode develops in the intercellular spaces in the aboveground parts of the onion plant, causing the disintegration of the tissues and changes in the plant's physiology. It decreases market value by causing rotting of onion tubers (Yavuzaslanoglu 2019).…”