Resistance degradation in donor-doped PZT ceramic stacks with Ag/Pd electrodes: I. Phenomenology of processes

Andrejs, Lukas; Fleig, Jürgen

doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2012.09.027

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…Moreover, the effect of co-doping on the conductivity cannot be explained on the basis of a simple defect chemical model: the conductivity changes despite identical net acceptor concentration. Finally, the conductivity of hole conducting PZT was often reported to be strongly temperature-dependent, with an activation energy in the 1.1–1.4 eV range [7,58,59,60]. This indicates that a large number of holes is trapped and thus the concentration of mobile holes is strongly temperature-dependent.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Acceptor and Donor Doping on Oxygen Vacancy Concentrations in Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT)

et al. 2016

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The different properties of acceptor-doped (hard) and donor-doped (soft) lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics are often attributed to different amounts of oxygen vacancies introduced by the dopant. Acceptor doping is believed to cause high oxygen vacancy concentrations, while donors are expected to strongly suppress their amount. In this study, La3+ donor-doped, Fe3+ acceptor-doped and La3+/Fe3+-co-doped PZT samples were investigated by oxygen tracer exchange and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in order to analyse the effect of doping on oxygen vacancy concentrations. Relative changes in the tracer diffusion coefficients for different doping and quantitative relations between defect concentrations allowed estimates of oxygen vacancy concentrations. Donor doping does not completely suppress the formation of oxygen vacancies; rather, it concentrates them in the grain boundary region. Acceptor doping enhances the amount of oxygen vacancies but estimates suggest that bulk concentrations are still in the ppm range, even for 1% acceptor doping. Trapped holes might thus considerably contribute to the charge balancing of the acceptor dopants. This could also be of relevance in understanding the properties of hard and soft PZT.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Acceptor and Donor Doping on Oxygen Vacancy Concentrations in Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT)

et al. 2016

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“…The resistivity of Mn0‐N is much smaller than that of Mn0‐A at the same measuring temperature, indicating the higher electron concentration in Mn0‐N in accordance with the Hall‐effect measurement. The activation energies calculated by the Arrhenius law from grain and grain boundary contribution are 0.70 and 0.75 eV, respectively, which demonstrates that the conduction mechanism is predominately controlled by electrons . The activation energy value of Mn0‐N is much smaller than that of Mn0‐A ceramics.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The activation energies calculated by the Arrhenius law from grain and grain boundary contribution are 0.70 and 0.75 eV, respectively, which demonstrates that the conduction mechanism is predominately controlled by electrons. 25,26,29 The activation energy value of Mn0-N is much smaller than that of Mn0-A ceramics. Considering E con is the migration free energy of charge carriers over a long distance, 21 the electrons in Mn0-N ceramics have higher migration rate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of p‐type NKN‐based piezoelectric ceramics sintered in low oxygen partial pressure by defect engineering

et al. 2020

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The reduction‐resistant properties of piezoelectric ceramics are of great importance for multilayer monolithic structures based on base metal inner electrodes, particularly for recently reported niobate‐based lead‐free perovskites. In this letter, the Hall‐effect measurement and impedance analysis indicate that conventional (K,Na)NbO3 (NKN)‐based ceramics exhibit an n‐type electronic conduction. Rapid increase in the concentrations of oxygen vacancies and electrons is responsible for severe degradation of resistivity and piezoelectric properties as sintered in N2. By comparison, p‐type NKN‐based ceramics by Mn doping exhibit excellent electrical properties (d33 = 368 pC/N, d33∗ = 643 pm/V, tanδ = 0.019, and IR = 39.9 GΩ · cm) in N2 sintering atmosphere, as well interpreted by a series of proposed defect chemistry equations. The experimental results suggest that an introduction of the p‐type conduction behavior should be an effective strategy to enabling NKN‐based ceramics and Cu/Ni electrodes to well co‐fire in a weakly reducing atmosphere.

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“…This work aims to determine the nature of the degradation of the most widely used piezoelectric PbZr 1−x Ti x O 3 (PZT) ceramics (here, the commercial PIC 151, produced by PI) caused by low oxygen activity, typical under cosmic conditions and high DC electric biases. We have considered many models that describe the physics and chemistry of the fatigue or degradation effect in piezo-ceramics [23][24][25][26][27] for defining the boundary conditions for our experiments. According to point defect chemistry [28][29][30][31][32][33], in temperatures lower than 500 • C, oxygen or lead vacancies' thermal generation can be neglected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Electrodegradation Process in PZT Ceramics under Exposure to Cosmic Environmental Conditions

et al. 2023

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Long-time electric field action on perovskite piezoelectric ceramic leads to chemical degradation. A new way to accelerate the degradation is the exposure of the ceramic to DC electric fields under a vacuum. A high-quality commercial piezoelectric material based on PbZr1−xTixO3 is used to study such impacts. To avoid the influence of ferroelectric properties and possible removal of oxygen and lead oxides during the degradation process, the experiments are in the temperature interval of 500 °C > T > TC. Changes in resistance during the electrodegradation process is an electrically-induced deoxidation, transforming the ceramic into a metallic-like material. This occurs with an extremely low concentration of effused oxygen of 1016 oxygen atoms per 1 cm3. Due to this concentration not obeying the Mott criterion for an isolator-metal transition, it is stated that the removal of oxygen mostly occurs along the grain boundaries. It agrees with the first-principle calculations regarding dislocations with oxygen vacancies. The decrease in resistivity during electrodegradation follows a power law and is associated with a decrease in the dislocation dimension. The observed reoxidation process is a lifeline for the reconstructing (self-healing) properties of electro-degraded ceramics in harsh cosmic conditions. Based on all of these investigations, a macroscopic and nanoscopic model of the electrodegradation is presented.

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Resistance degradation in donor-doped PZT ceramic stacks with Ag/Pd electrodes: I. Phenomenology of processes

Cited by 20 publications

References 115 publications

The Effect of Acceptor and Donor Doping on Oxygen Vacancy Concentrations in Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT)

The Effect of Acceptor and Donor Doping on Oxygen Vacancy Concentrations in Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT)

Design of p‐type NKN‐based piezoelectric ceramics sintered in low oxygen partial pressure by defect engineering

The Electrodegradation Process in PZT Ceramics under Exposure to Cosmic Environmental Conditions

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