Resistance exercise training increases mixed muscle protein synthesis rate in frail women and men ≥76 yr old

Yarasheski, Kevin E.; Pak-Loduca, Jina; Hasten, Debbie L.; Obert, Kathleen A.; Brown, Mary Beth; Sinacore, David R.

doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1999.277.1.e118

Cited by 153 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In fact, it is well known that RT in elderly populations increases both mixedmuscle and MHC-specific protein synthesis to the same extent that it does in young subjects [112]. Furthermore, an increase in muscle fractional synthetic rate has been observed following RT even in frail elderly persons (>70 years) [112,113]. RT in older adults significantly increases type II fibers • AMPK, PGC-1…”

Section: Exercise and Physical Activity For Older Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pleiotropic Effect of Physical Exercise on Mitochondrial Dynamics in Aging Skeletal Muscle

Barbieri¹,

Agostini²,

Polidori³

et al. 2016

Clinical Nutrition and Aging

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Decline in human muscle mass and strength (sarcopenia) is one of the principal hallmarks of the aging process. Regular physical exercise and training programs are certain powerful stimuli to attenuate the physiological skeletal muscle alterations occurring during aging and contribute to promote health and well-being. Although the series of events that led to these muscle adaptations are poorly understood, the mechanisms that regulate these processes involve the "quality" of skeletal muscle mitochondria. Aerobic/endurance exercise helps to maintain and improve cardiovascular fitness and respiratory function, whereas strength/resistance-exercise programs increase muscle strength, power development, and function. Due to the different effect of both exercises in improving mitochondrial content and quality, in terms of biogenesis, dynamics, turnover, and genotype, combined physical activity programs should be individually prescribed to maximize the antiaging effects of exercise.

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Section: Exercise and Physical Activity For Older Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pleiotropic Effect of Physical Exercise on Mitochondrial Dynamics in Aging Skeletal Muscle

Barbieri¹,

Agostini²,

Polidori³

et al. 2016

Clinical Nutrition and Aging

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“…Amongst the exercise countermeasures, resistance training (RT) has demonstrated potency and effectiveness in stimulating muscle growth (Mayhew et al, 2009). Even frail elderly individuals beyond the seventh decade of life have shown increases in muscle protein synthesis and myosin heavy chain content following RT (Fiatarone et al, 1994;Yarasheski et al, 1999). Despite its general effectiveness, the degree of RT-induced muscle hypertrophy varies across different age and gender groups Tracy et al, 1999;Welle et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate Did Not Enhance High Intensity Resistance Training-Induced Improvements in Myofiber Dimensions and Myogenic Capacity in Aged Female Rats

Kim

Park

Lee

et al. 2012

Molecules and Cells

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Older women exhibit blunted skeletal muscle hypertrophy following resistance training (RT) compared to other age and gender cohorts that is partially due to an impaired regenerative capacity. In the present study, we examined whether β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) provision to aged female rodents would enhance regenerative mechanisms and facilitate RT-induced myofiber growth. Nineteen-month old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: HMB (0.48 g/kg/d; n = 6), non-HMB (n = 6), and control (n = 4). HMB and non-HMB groups underwent RT every third day for 10 weeks using a ladder climbing apparatus. Whole body strength, grip strength, and body composition was evaluated before and after RT. The gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were analyzed using magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging, RT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry to determine myofiber dimensions, transcript expression, and satellite cells/myonuclei, respectively. ANOVAs were used with significance set at p < 0.05. There were significant time effects (pre vs. post) for whole body strength (+262%), grip strength (+17%), lean mass (+20%), and fat mass (-19%). Both RT groups exhibited significant increases in the mean myofiber cross-sectional area (CSA) in the gastrocnemius and soleus (+8-22%) compared to control. Moreover, both groups demonstrated significant increases in the numbers of satellite cells (+100-108%) and myonuclei (+32%) in the soleus but not the gastrocnemius. A significant IGF-I mRNA elevation was only observed in soleus of the HMB group (+33%) whereas MGF and myogenin increased significantly in both groups (+32-40%). Our findings suggest that HMB did not further enhance intense RT-mediated myogenic mechanisms and myofiber CSA in aged female rats.

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“…On the other side, an intriguing hypothesis about the mechanism of action of resistance training foresees that this type of training is able to exert its effect on transcriptome and, in particular, Raue and colleagues (54) found that 661 genes were responsive to resistance exercise and that they correlated with the increase in whole muscle size and strength. In addition, it has been widely demonstrated that resistance training enhances the rate of mixed muscle protein synthesis in older participants guarantying an effective muscle proteins turnover and reducing muscle wasting (55,56,57).…”

Section: Exercise As a Tool To Counteract Sarcopenia And Cancer-relatmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of physical activity in counteracting age-related sarcopenia and cancer cachexia: A brief literature review

Scalabrin¹,

Caporossi²

2016

Medicinski podmladak

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Muscle tissue plays several important health functions . In addition to the important mechanical functions, it represents the biggest reserve of body proteins and it is also able to produce several myokines that are able to induce important beneficial effects, through the interaction with different organs. The loss of muscle mass has a tremendous impact on health and it is not surprising that a great interest has raised on two degenerative, irreversible and unstoppable conditions known as sarcopenia and cachexia. Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass, is not a disease or a syndrome, it is not even a medical sign sometimes. Indeed, a general consensus among scientists does not exist regarding the definition and the identification criteria of this condition. On the other hand, cachexia is a wasting syndrome characterized by an uncontrolled and unstoppable loss of muscle mass, associated with fatigue and weakness. It is often associated with a disease like cancer, AIDS, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), multiple sclerosis, tuberculosis etc. Given the complexity of these muscle conditions and considering that during aging and cancer there is an increased risk of comorbidities, regular physical activity might be a crucial point to be carefully evaluated on a single patient basis. The aim of this review is to highlight the impact on society and the etiology of sarcopenia and cancer cachexia, with particular regard to the role played by physical activity in preventing and counteracting these muscle-wasting conditions, focusing attention also on the limitation factors that must be considered during the prescription of physical activity to sarcopenic and cachectic patients. Key words: Sarcopenia, Cachexia, Muscle Tissue, Muscle Wasting, Physical Activity, Aging, Cancer. SažetakMišićno tkivo ima nekoliko važnih uloga po ljudsko zdravlje. Pored značajne mehaničke funkcije, ono predstavlja i najveći depo telesnih proteina. Osim toga, proizvodi i nekoliko miokina koji su, kroz interakcije sa drugim organima, u stanju da indukuju veoma bitne efekte. Gubitak mišićne mase ima izuzetan uticaj na zdravlje i ne iznenađuje činjenica da se sve više pažnje obraća na dva degenerativna, ireverzibilna i nezaustavljiva stanja, poznatija kao sarkopenija i kaheksija. Sarkopenija, starosno zavisan gubitak mišićne mase, nije ni bolest ni sindrom, čak nekada nije ni medicinski znak. Konsenzus naučnika zapravo nije utemeljio preciznu definiciju, kao ni kriterijume u vezi sa ovim stanjem. S druge strane, kaheksija predstavlja sindrom gubitka i karakteriše je nekontrolisan i nezaustavljiv gubitak mišićne mase, povezan sa umorom i slabošću. Često je povezana sa bolestima kao što su sindrom stečene imunodeficijencije (fr. syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise, SIDA), hronična opstruktivna bolest pluća (HOBP), multipla skleroza, tuberkuloza itd. Imajući u vidu kompleksnost ovih stanja povezanih sa mišić-nom masom, kao i činjenicu da je tokom starenja i u slučaju karcinoma povećan rizik od komorbiditeta, smatra se da redo...

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Resistance exercise training increases mixed muscle protein synthesis rate in frail women and men ≥76 yr old

Cited by 153 publications

References 28 publications

The Pleiotropic Effect of Physical Exercise on Mitochondrial Dynamics in Aging Skeletal Muscle

The Pleiotropic Effect of Physical Exercise on Mitochondrial Dynamics in Aging Skeletal Muscle

β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate Did Not Enhance High Intensity Resistance Training-Induced Improvements in Myofiber Dimensions and Myogenic Capacity in Aged Female Rats

The role of physical activity in counteracting age-related sarcopenia and cancer cachexia: A brief literature review

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