Resistance of Pseudomonas to Quaternary Ammonium Compounds. I. Growth in Benzalkonium Chloride Solution

Adair, Frank W.; Geftic, Sam G.; Gelzer, J

doi:10.1128/aem.18.3.299-302.1969

Cited by 56 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…pyocyanea (aeruginosa) could contaminate cetrimide and other fluids. This finding has since been amply confirmed by other authors (Keown et al 1957;Anderson and Keynes 1958;Anon 1958a, b;Plotkin and Austrian 1958;Malizia et al 1960;Lee and Fialkow 1961;Mitchell and Hayward 1966;Burdon and Whitby 1967;Adair et al 1969Adair et al , 1971Bassett et al 1970;Hardy et al 1970;Sanford 1970;Bassett 1971;Bruun and Digranes 1971;Parker 1971;Phillips et al 1971;Speller et al 1971;Hoffman et al 1973;Dixon et al 1976;Frank and Schnaffner 1976;Kaslow et al 1976;Morris et al 1976;Ehrenkranz et al 1980;Seal 1983;Jones et al 1989;Joyson et al 1999). In most of these publications, Ps.…”

Section: Bacterial Resistance To Cationic Biocidessupporting

confidence: 58%

Introduction of biocides into clinical practice and the impact on antibiotic-resistant bacteria

Russell

2002

Journal of Applied Microbiology

213

134

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Section: Bacterial Resistance To Cationic Biocidessupporting

confidence: 58%

Introduction of biocides into clinical practice and the impact on antibiotic-resistant bacteria

Russell

2002

Journal of Applied Microbiology

213

134

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“…Chloroxylenol-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa were isolated by repeated exposure in media containing gradually increasing concentrations of the phenolic, but the resistance was unstable (432). The adaptation of P. aeruginosa to QACs is a well-known phenomenon (1,2,240). Resistance to amphoteric surfactants has also been observed, and, interestingly, cross-resistance to chlorhexidine has been noted (240).…”

Section: Acquired Bacterial Resistance Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiseptics and Disinfectants: Activity, Action, and Resistance

McDonnell¹,

1999

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SUMMARY Antiseptics and disinfectants are extensively used in hospitals and other health care settings for a variety of topical and hard-surface applications. A wide variety of active chemical agents (biocides) are found in these products, many of which have been used for hundreds of years, including alcohols, phenols, iodine, and chlorine. Most of these active agents demonstrate broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity; however, little is known about the mode of action of these agents in comparison to antibiotics. This review considers what is known about the mode of action and spectrum of activity of antiseptics and disinfectants. The widespread use of these products has prompted some speculation on the development of microbial resistance, in particular whether antibiotic resistance is induced by antiseptics or disinfectants. Known mechanisms of microbial resistance (both intrinsic and acquired) to biocides are reviewed, with emphasis on the clinical implications of these reports.

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“…Concerns about the use of BACs as antiseptics are not novel, and researchers have observed resistant strains capable of surviving in BAC solutions (0.1 to 0.4%) as early as the 1960s (42,43). It is known that bacteria can adapt and increase their tolerance to stressful chemicals (44,45), and such phenomena have been shown repeatedly for BACs.…”

Section: Microbial Tolerance and Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Benzalkonium Chlorides: Uses, Regulatory Status, and Microbial Resistance

Pereira

Tagkopoulos

2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

239

153

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Benzalkonium chlorides (BACs) are chemicals with widespread applications due to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This review provides an overview of the market for BACs, as well as regulatory measures and available data on safety, toxicity, and environmental contamination. We focus on the effect of frequent exposure of microbial communities to BACs and the potential for cross-resistant phenotypes to emerge. Toward this goal, we review BAC concentrations in consumer products, their correlation with the emergence of tolerance in microbial populations, and the associated risk potential. Our analysis suggests that the ubiquitous and frequent use of BACs in commercial products can generate selective environments that favor microbial phenotypes potentially cross-resistant to a variety of compounds. An analysis of benefits versus risks should be the guidepost for regulatory actions regarding compounds such as BACs.

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Resistance of Pseudomonas to Quaternary Ammonium Compounds. I. Growth in Benzalkonium Chloride Solution

Cited by 56 publications

References 4 publications

Introduction of biocides into clinical practice and the impact on antibiotic-resistant bacteria

Introduction of biocides into clinical practice and the impact on antibiotic-resistant bacteria

Antiseptics and Disinfectants: Activity, Action, and Resistance

Benzalkonium Chlorides: Uses, Regulatory Status, and Microbial Resistance

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