Resistance ofUrtica dioica to mycorrhizal colonization: a possible involvement ofUrtica dioica agglutinin

Vierheilig, Horst; Iseli, Beatrice; Alt, Monica; Raikhel, Natasha V.; Wiemken, Andres; Böller, Thomas

doi:10.1007/bf02185572

Cited by 34 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Branching responses were not observed adjacent to nonhost roots, indicating that discrimination between host and nonhost roots occurs at this stage (31, 67,69). Consistent with these studies, root exudates applied directly to spores stimulated hyphal growth (16,17,60), whereas exudates from nonhost roots were not stimulatory and in some cases showed inhibitory effects (67,69,151,178).…”

Section: Evidence That Am Fungi Perceive Plant Signalssupporting

confidence: 79%

Signaling in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis

Harrison

2005

Annu. Rev. Microbiol.

658

449

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Many microorganisms form symbioses with plants that range, on a continuous scale, from parasitic to mutualistic. Among these, the most widespread mutualistic symbiosis is the arbuscular mycorrhiza, formed between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and vascular flowering plants. These associations occur in terrestrial ecosystems throughout the world and have a global impact on plant phosphorus nutrition. The arbuscular mycorrhiza is an endosymbiosis in which the fungus inhabits the root cortical cells and obtains carbon provided by the plant while it transfers mineral nutrients from the soil to the cortical cells. Development of the symbiosis involves the differentiation of both symbionts to create novel symbiotic interfaces within the root cells. The aim of this review is to explore the current understanding of the signals and signaling pathways used by the symbionts for the development of the AM symbiosis. Although the signal molecules used for initial communication are not yet known, recent studies point to their existence. Within the plant, there is evidence of arbuscular mycorrhiza-specific signals and of systemic signaling that influences phosphate-starvation responses and root development. The landmark cloning of three plant signaling proteins required for the development of the symbiosis has provided the first insights into a signaling pathway that is used by AM fungi and by rhizobia for their symbiotic associations with legumes.

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Section: Evidence That Am Fungi Perceive Plant Signalssupporting

confidence: 79%

Signaling in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis

Harrison

2005

Annu. Rev. Microbiol.

658

449

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“…Only a few plant species, e.g. members of the Brassicaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, or Urticaceae, do not engage in AM interactions (Smith and Read 1997;Vierheilig et al 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and cell biology of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis

Hause

Fester

2004

Planta

145

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The roots of most extant plants are able to become engaged in an interaction with a small group of fungi of the fungal order Glomales (Glomeromycota). This interaction-arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis-is the evolutionary precursor of most other mutualistic root-microbe associations. The molecular analysis of this interaction can elucidate basic principles regarding such associations. This review summarizes our present knowledge about cellular and molecular aspects of AM. Emphasis is placed on morphological changes in colonized cells, transfer of nutrients between both interacting partners, and plant defence responses. Similarities to and differences from other associations of plant and microorganisms are highlighted regarding defence reactions and signal perception.

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“…Then, plant communities developed after agricultural practices will further create rhizospheric conditions and soil communities that hamper the establishment of the ancient plant community and that favour the dominance of early secondary species (Vierheilig et al . ; De Deyn et al . ; de la Peña et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond plant–soil feedbacks: mechanisms driving plant community shifts due to land‐use legacies in post‐agricultural forests

et al. 2016

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Summary1. Although biotic legacies of past agricultural practices are widespread and increasing in contemporary ecosystems, our understanding of the mechanisms driving such legacies is still poor. Forest understories on former agricultural land show low frequencies and abundance of typical woodland species when compared with ancient forests. 2. These community shifts have been ascribed to the effects of dispersal limitation. A rarely considered mechanism is that post-dispersal processes driven by plant-associated communities determine the poor performance and recruitment of woodland indicators. Given the strong alterations in soil conditions due to former agricultural practices, we hypothesized that (abiotic) plant-soil feedbacks could be a major factor in community shifts. 3. We addressed this hypothesis by comparing plant-associated communities in the soil and above the ground in ancient and post-agricultural alluvial forests; then, we experimentally tested whether the changes in biotic and abiotic soil properties could affect above-ground herbivore abundance and pressure and plant performance. 4. Ancient and post-agricultural communities clearly differed in composition at different levels of the food web. Besides the plant community, we also observed the differences in the microbial and nematode community with increased abundance of root-feeding nematodes in postagricultural soils. The composition of the above-ground invertebrate community did not differ in ancient and post-agricultural forest parcels; however, plants growing in post-agricultural sites showed higher abundance of invertebrate herbivores and suffered more herbivory. Nutrient analyses of soil and plants showed that increased levels of phosphorus (and to a lesser extent, nitrogen) made plants more nutritious for insect herbivores. Laboratory experiments further pointed to this mechanism as an explanation of the poorer performance of woodland indicators in post-agricultural woodlands. 5. Our results point to biotic and abiotic plant-soil feedbacks coupled with herbivory as a new mechanism to explain the legacy effects in temperate forests. The modification of the belowground community and soil abiotic characteristics by previous agricultural activity affects not only the plant growth but also the plant nutrient content in the compared understorey species, making them more susceptible to above-ground herbivory. Our results provide one of the first examples of integrating plant-soil feedback and above-and below-ground interactions to explain land-use legacies.

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Resistance ofUrtica dioica to mycorrhizal colonization: a possible involvement ofUrtica dioica agglutinin

Cited by 34 publications

References 27 publications

Signaling in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis

Signaling in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis

Molecular and cell biology of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis

Beyond plant–soil feedbacks: mechanisms driving plant community shifts due to land‐use legacies in post‐agricultural forests

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