Resistance to Mercury and Antimicrobial Agents in
 Streptococcus mutans
 Isolates from Human Subjects in Relation to Exposure to Dental Amalgam Fillings

Leistevuo, Jorma; Järvinen, Helinä; Österblad, Monica; Leistevuo, Tiina; Huovinen, Pentti; Tenovuo, Jorma

doi:10.1128/aac.44.2.456-457.2000

Cited by 37 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…These patients included those never exposed to amalgam fillings, those with fillings and those whose fillings had been removed. The isolates of S. mutans recovered from these patients were tested for susceptibility to CHX and the antibiotics tetracycline, penicillin and cefuroxime (Leistevuo et al 2000). The results indicated that the susceptibility profiles of these strains to CHX and the antibiotics tetracycline, penicillin and cefuroxime were comparable to their previous results reported in 1993.…”

Section: Clinical Studies Indicate That ‘Real‐life Use’ Of Antiplaquementioning

confidence: 99%

Antiplaque biocides and bacterial resistance: a review

Sreenivasan

Gaffar

2002

J Clinic Periodontology

124

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Modern dentistry emphasizes the importance of dental plaque control to improve oral health. The use of oral care formulations with antiplaque biocides plays a crucial role in patient-directed approaches for plaque control. The antiplaque efficacies of these formulations have been extensively studied in many long-term clinical studies designed in accordance with well-accepted guidelines. The results from these studies conclusively demonstrate that long-term use of oral care formulations with well-known antiplaque biocides such as chlorhexidine and triclosan reduce supragingival plaque and gingivitis. This review summarizes microbiological results from clinical studies conducted with oral care formulations containing antiplaque biocides. Results from a number of long-term clinical studies conducted under real-life use conditions indicate no adverse alterations in the bacteria found in dental plaque or emergent microbial resistance. Additionally, microbial sampling of dental plaque subsequent to extended use of antiplaque biocides reveals no increase in resistant microflora. Large numbers of common oral bacteria isolated from patients using chlorhexidine indicate no increase in microbial resistance to chlorhexidine or to commonly used antibiotics. The effects of antiplaque biocides containing oral care formulations on dental plaque that exists naturally as a biofilm are examined. These formulations contain biocide, surfactants, polymers and other components that are effective against the biofilm. In summary, the results of studies on the real-life use of oral care formulations with antiplaque biocides show no emergence of resistant microflora or alterations of the oral microbiota, while such formulations have been found to provide the benefits of reducing plaque and gingivitis.

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Section: Clinical Studies Indicate That ‘Real‐life Use’ Of Antiplaquementioning

confidence: 99%

Antiplaque biocides and bacterial resistance: a review

Sreenivasan

Gaffar

2002

J Clinic Periodontology

124

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“…Chlorhexidine is a widely used antibacterial agent, but lack of evidence on long-term clinical outcomes and reported side effects limits its application for caries prevention [Autio-Gold, 2008]. Moreover, S. mutans was reported to develop resistance against other antibacterial agents such as cefuroxime, penicillin and tetracycline used for prophylaxis [Leistevuo et al, 2000]. The potential of appropriate new antimicrobial agents for long-term caries management was highlighted recently [ten Cate, 2009;Filoche et al, 2010].…”

Section: Effect Of Gallium On Growth Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Gallium on Growth of Streptococcus mutans NCTC 10449 and Dental Tissues

Valappil

Owens²,

Miles³

et al. 2013

Caries Res

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Gallium-doped phosphate-based glasses (Ga-PBG) were assessed for their impact on Streptococcus mutans and dental mineralisation, firstly by disc diffusion assays followed by biofilms grown on nitrocellulose filter membrane (NFM) and constant-depth film fermentor (CDFF). Short-time exposure (10 min) effects of Ga-PBG on S. mutans biofilm were compared with that of 0.2% chlorhexidine. The effects of Ga-PBG on bovine enamel (which was investigated under pH-cycling condition) and dentine were analysed using transverse microradiography (TMR), profilometry and inductively coupled plasma optical-emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The disc diffusion assays showed inhibition zones of 24.5 ± 0.5 mm for Ga-PBG compared with controls (C-PBG). Ga-PBG showed statistically significant growth inhibition of S. mutans biofilms on NFM (p = 0.001) and CDFF (p < 0.046) compared with hydroxyapatite (HA) and C-PBG. The CDFF assay revealed a maximum of 2.11 log colony-forming unit (CFU) reduction at 48 h, but short-time exposure effects were comparable with that of 0.2% chlorhexidine only on older biofilms (maximum of 0.59 vs. 0.69 log CFU reduction at 120 h). TMR analyses of the enamel revealed non-significant mineral loss (p = 0.37) only in the case of Ga-PBG samples compared with controls including sodium fluoride. ICP-OES analyses indicated transient gallium adsorption into dentine by calcium displacement. The results confirmed that gallium inhibited S. mutans growth and appears to have the potential to protect the enamel surface under conditions representative of the oral environment. Further work is needed to establish whether it has an application in daily oral hygiene procedures to prevent or reduce caries.

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“…Leistevuo et al (2000) reported resistance to cefuroxime, penicillin, and tetracycline in 839 strains of S. mutans. In another study, bLactamase-producing strains including Prevotella intermedia, P. denticola, and F. nucleatum were isolated from patients with dental caries (Fosse et al 1999).…”

Section: Resistance To Antimicrobial Agents Among Oral Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Therefore, one of the most urgent and important biomedical challenges of our times is to clarify the role of microbial communities in human health (Belda-Ferre et al 2011;Turnbaugh et al 2007;Ximénez-Fyvie et al 2000). Unfortunately, the antibiotic therapies have rendered these bacteria resistant to traditional antibiotics (Leistevuo et al 2000;Sweeney et al 2004). Therefore, it has been envisaged that the metal oxide nanoparticles with antimicrobial activity (nanoantibiotics) could offer a good alternative to abate and/or control the growth of bacteria in oral cavity (Allaker 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles as novel antimicrobial agents for oral hygiene: a review

Khan

Al-Khedhairy

Musarrat³

2015

J Nanopart Res

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Oral cavity is inhabited by more than 25,000 different bacterial phylotypes; some of them cause systemic infections in addition to dental and periodontal diseases. Emergence of multiple antibiotic resistance among these bacteria necessitates the development of alternative antimicrobial agents that are safe, stable, and relatively economic. This review focuses on the significance of metal oxide nanoparticles, especially zinc oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles as supplementary antimicrobials for controlling oral infections and biofilm formation. Indeed, the ZnO NPs and TiO 2 NPs have exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against oral bacteria at concentrations which is not toxic in in vivo toxicity assays. These nanoparticles are being produced at an industrial scale for use in a variety of commercial products including food products. Thus, the application of ZnO and TiO 2 NPs as nanoantibiotics for the development of mouthwashes, dental pastes, and other oral hygiene materials is envisaged. It is also suggested that these NPs could serve as healthier, innocuous, and effective alternative for controlling both the dental biofilms and oral planktonic bacteria with lesser side effects and antibiotic resistance.

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Resistance to Mercury and Antimicrobial Agents in Streptococcus mutans Isolates from Human Subjects in Relation to Exposure to Dental Amalgam Fillings

Cited by 37 publications

References 24 publications

Antiplaque biocides and bacterial resistance: a review

Antiplaque biocides and bacterial resistance: a review

Effect of Gallium on Growth of <b><i>Streptococcus mutans</i></b> NCTC 10449 and Dental Tissues

ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles as novel antimicrobial agents for oral hygiene: a review

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