Resistance training increases total daily energy expenditure in disabled older women with coronary heart disease

Abstract

Physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) is a determinant of prognosis and fitness in older patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). PAEE and total energy expenditure (TEE) are closely related to fatness, physical function, and metabolic risk in older individuals. The goal of this study was to assess effects of resistance training on PAEE, TEE, and fitness in older women with chronic CHD and physical activity limitations (N = 51, mean age: 72 + 5 yr). The study intervention consisted of a progressive, 6-mo program of resistance training vs. a control group condition of low-intensity yoga and deep breathing. The study interventions were completed by 42 of the 51 participants. The intervention group manifested a 177 +/- 213 kcal/day (+9%) increase in TEE, pre- to posttraining, measured by the doubly labeled water technique during a nonexercise 10-day period (P < 0.03 vs. controls). This was due to a 50 +/- 74 kcal/day (4%) increase in resting metabolic rate measured by indirect calorimetry (P < 0.01, P < 0.05 vs. controls) and a 123 +/- 214 kcal/day (9%) increase in PAEE (P < 0.03, P = 0.12 vs. controls). Resistance training was associated with significant increases in upper and lower body strength, but no change in fat-free mass, measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry, or left ventricular function, measured by echocardiography and Doppler. Women in the control group showed no alterations in TEE or its determinants. There were no changes between groups in body composition, aerobic capacity, or measures of mental depression. These results demonstrate that resistance training of 6-mo duration leads to an increase in TEE and PAEE in older women with chronic CHD.

Aerobic Capacity in Patients Entering Cardiac Rehabilitation

“…In addition to mortality benefits described in both meta-analyses and single-center studies, 20 -24 the most predictable benefit of CR is an increase in exercise tolerance, 16 along with benefits related to physical functioning. 25 Selective use of resistance training also has been shown effective in reducing measures of disability in this patient population 26,27 and may be associated with increases in peak V O 2 , although this is controversial. 28 Finally, it should be noted that the magnitude of training-induced increases in peak V O 2 has been shown to independently predict a decrease in cardiovascular mortality.…”

Resistance Training and Type 2 Diabetes

“…Similar to aerobic exercise, resistance training has been reported to enhance insulin sensitivity (23)(24)(25), daily energy expenditure (26,27), and quality of life (20,28). Furthermore, resistance training has the potential for increasing muscle strength (13,29,30), lean muscle mass (31), and bone mineral density (32,33), which could enhance functional status and glycemic control and assist in the prevention of sarcopenia and osteoporosis.…”

Effect of Balance Training on Walking Speed and Cardiac Events in Elderly Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease

“…Many studies have shown that a cardiac rehabilitation program consisting of aerobic and resistance training is an effective intervention to restore physical function 10,11) and exercise capacity, 12,13) and to reduce difficulty in physical activities of daily living 14,15) in cardiac patients. Several meta-analyses of randomized trials 12,16) have also confirmed that a cardiac rehabilitation program consisting of lifestyle modification and prolonged exercise training in the recovery phase (after hospital discharge) is more effective in reducing morbidity and mortality in cardiac patients.…”