Resistance Training Leads to Clinically Meaningful Improvements in Control of Glycemia and Muscular Strength in Untrained Middle-aged Patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Hameed, Unaise Abdul; Manzar, Dilshad; Raza, Shahid Masood; Shareef, Mohd Yakub; Hussain, M. Ejaz

doi:10.4103/1947-2714.99507

Cited by 41 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…A significant increase of moderate magnitude in strength was observed in all exercises of the EG (SS, LE, SR, LP, HP), suggesting that the improvement was a result of the specific RT in the experimental protocol consisting of different exercises for the upper and lower limbs. It is known that RT promotes an incremental increase in the number of motor units and, at the same time, improves synchronization and firing frequency of motor units through neural adaptations ( Castaneda et al, 2002 ; Hameed et al, 2012 ). All of these could contribute to the gain in muscle strength demonstrated in Type 2 diabetic subjects in this study and is consistent with studies on muscle strength in type 2 diabetic individuals after a program of resistance exercises ( Andersen et al, 2004 ; Castaneda et al, 2002 ; Hameed et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that RT promotes an incremental increase in the number of motor units and, at the same time, improves synchronization and firing frequency of motor units through neural adaptations ( Castaneda et al, 2002 ; Hameed et al, 2012 ). All of these could contribute to the gain in muscle strength demonstrated in Type 2 diabetic subjects in this study and is consistent with studies on muscle strength in type 2 diabetic individuals after a program of resistance exercises ( Andersen et al, 2004 ; Castaneda et al, 2002 ; Hameed et al, 2012 ). The results of our study support the hypothesis that RT is an effective intervention strategy to prevent muscle weakness of diabetics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aspects of RT utilized in our study that differed from previous reports include the methods for more precisely determining maximum load and safety measures. In a study with untrained individuals with Type 2 diabetes that performed progressive RT over eight weeks, muscle strength was evaluated on the basis of a prediction test of 1 RM on the bench and leg press ( Hameed et al, 2012 ). While a significant improvement in strength was observed along with improved blood glucose levels, the precision of the strength tests was limited by the ability to evaluate the load in the individuals tested.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resistance Training in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Improves Uric Acid Levels

Sousa

Saavedra

Neto

et al. 2014

Journal of Human Kinetics

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Resistance training (RT) can provide several benefits for individuals with Type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance training on the strength levels and uric acid (UA) concentration in individuals with Type 2 diabetes. The study included 68 patients (57.7±9.0 years) that participated in an organized program of RT for 12 weeks. The volunteers were divided into two groups: an experimental group (EG; n=34) that performed the resistance training program consisting of seven exercises executed in an alternating order based on segments; and a control group (CG; n=34) that maintained their normal daily life activities. Muscle strength and uric acid were measured both pre- and post-experiment. The results showed a significant increase in strength of the subjects in the EG for all exercises included in the study (p<0.001). Comparing the strength levels of the post-test, intergroup differences were found in supine sitting (p<0.001), leg extension (p<0.001), shoulder press (p<0.001), leg curl (p=0.001), seated row (p<0.001), leg press (p=0.001) and high pulley (p<0.001). The measured uric acid was significantly increased in both experimental and control groups (p<0.001 and p=0.001, respectively). The intergroup comparison showed a significant increase for the EG (p=0.024). We conclude that the training program was effective for strength gains despite an increase in uric acid in Type 2 diabetics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resistance Training in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Improves Uric Acid Levels

Sousa

Saavedra

Neto

et al. 2014

Journal of Human Kinetics

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“…We suggest an exercise intervention incorporating progressive resistance training (PRT), with three ~90-minute sessions per week consisting of 15 minutes of flexibility, 30 minutes of low-impact aerobic exercise, 30 minutes of high-intensity PRT, and 15 minutes of balance training [36]. PRT has also been studied in Asian Indian subjects, a population inherently prone to sarcopenic obesity with higher relative fat mass and lower relative lean mass than any other ethnic group [37], and was associated with improvements in muscle strength, waist circumference, and multiple metabolic outcomes [38]. …”

Section: Lifestyle Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcopenic obesity

Bouchonville

Villareal

2013

Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes &Amp; Obesity

124

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Purpose of review The increasing prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in older adults has heightened interest in identifying the most effective treatment. This review highlights recent progress in management with an emphasis on lifestyle interventions and pharmacologic therapy aimed at reversing sarcopenic obesity. Recent findings While weight loss and exercise independently reverse sarcopenic obesity, they act synergistically in combination to improve body composition and physical function beyond which is observed with either intervention alone. Optimizing protein intake appears to have beneficial effects on net muscle protein accretion in older adults. Myostatin inhibition is associated with favorable changes in body composition in animal studies, though experience in humans is relatively limited. Testosterone and growth hormone offer improvements in body composition but the benefits must be weighed against potential risks of therapy. GHRH-analog therapy shows promise but further studies are needed in older adults. Summary At present, lifestyle interventions incorporating both diet-induced weight loss and regular exercise appear to be the optimal treatment for sarcopenic obesity. Maintenance of adequate protein intake is also advisable. Ongoing studies will determine whether pharmacologic therapy such as myostatin inhibitors or GHRH-analogs have a role in the treatment of sarcopenic obesity.

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“…3-5,16,17,19,21,37,38 In addition, the comprehensive testing in the SHAPE-2 trial allowed us to assess multiple measures of body composition and strength testing. Further, the randomized controlled trial study design minimized potential confounders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship of fasting hyperglycemia to changes in fat and muscle mass after exercise training in type 2 diabetes

Yalamanchi

Stewart

et al. 2016

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice

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Aims Exercise training (ET) has been variably associated with body composition changes among persons with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The degree to which these changes are related to hyperglycemia remains unclear. Our objective was to investigate the relationship of baseline fasting glucose (FG) to the magnitude of muscle gains and fat loss after ET in individuals with T2DM. Methods Participants were enrolled in the SHAPE-2 trial, a six month supervised aerobic and resistance training intervention (three days/week), at Johns Hopkins. This was a post-hoc single arm intervention study of participants who completed the exercise intervention (n=50). Participants were aged 40-65 years and had T2DM that was not treated with insulin. Body composition was assessed by DEXA. Results After 6 months of ET, total fat mass decreased (−2.1 ± 3.1 kg) and total lean body mass (LBM) increased (0.5 ± 2.0 kg) overall, but there was variability among individual participants. There was an increase in % total LBM (1.4 ± 1.9%) and decrease in % total body fat mass (−1.5±2.0%) after ET. Interestingly, each standard deviation (SD) increase in baseline FG (mean=135.5 mg/dl; SD= 39.0 mg/dl) was related to a significant increase in % total LBM (0.54±0.26%, p=0.048) and decrease in % total body fat (−0.57±0.27%, p=0.04) after ET among individual participants. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that muscle gains and fat loss after ET are positively related to baseline hyperglycemia. Further studies are needed to characterize differences in metabolic response following ET among persons with diabetes.

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Resistance Training Leads to Clinically Meaningful Improvements in Control of Glycemia and Muscular Strength in Untrained Middle-aged Patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Cited by 41 publications

References 27 publications

Resistance Training in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Improves Uric Acid Levels

Resistance Training in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Improves Uric Acid Levels

Sarcopenic obesity

The relationship of fasting hyperglycemia to changes in fat and muscle mass after exercise training in type 2 diabetes

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