Sarcopenic obesity

Bouchonville, Matthew F.; Villareal, Dennis T.

doi:10.1097/01.med.0000433071.11466.7f

Cited by 124 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…It is possible that exercise programs associated with lifestyle interventions have more beneficial effects on physical function of older people with SO. Evidence in the literature indicates that a combination of diet-induced weight loss and physical exercise produces the best results for body composition in older people with obesity or SO 10 , 28 . This combination helps to preserve muscle mass during the process of weight loss and to improve physical function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A meta-analysis study concluded that power training with high-speed resistance exercises might be more beneficial to older people than traditional strength training 9 . Resistance exercises have also been recommended as a non-pharmacological therapy for older people with SO to minimize sarcopenia and ameliorate the pro-inflammatory state associated with obesity 10 . Nonetheless, the potential effects of resistance exercises on the physical function of older people with SO are poorly documented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studies focus on older people with obesity and frailty or comorbidities and not with the specific condition of SO. Some of them use a combination of different exercises in multicomponent programs and the specific effects of resistance training on physical function cannot be evaluated 10 . In addition, it is not clear what method of resistance exercise is the most suitable or beneficial for this population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of a progressive resistance exercise program with high-speed component on the physical function of older women with sarcopenic obesity: a randomized controlled trial

Vasconcelos

Dias

Araujo

et al. 2016

Braz. J. Phys. Ther.

100

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BackgroundSarcopenic obesity is associated with disability in older people, especially in women. Resistance exercises are recommended for this population, but their efficacy is not clear.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of a progressive resistance exercise program with high-speed component on the physical function of older women with sarcopenic obesity.MethodTwenty-eight women 65 to 80 years old, with a body mass index ≥30kg/m2 and handgrip strength ≤21kg were randomly allocated to two groups. The experimental group underwent a 10-week resistance exercise program designed to improve strength, power, and endurance of lower-limb muscles, with open chain and closed chain exercises. The control group had their health status monitored through telephone calls. The primary outcomes were lower limb muscle performance measured by knee extensor strength, power and fatigue by isokinetic dynamometry, and mobility measured by the Short Physical Performance Battery and by gait velocity. The secondary outcome was health-related quality of life assessed by the SF-36 Questionnaire.ResultsThe average rate of adherence was 85%, with few mild adverse effects. There were no significant between-group differences for any of the outcomes.ConclusionIn this study, a progressive resistance exercise program with high-speed component was not effective for improving the physical function of older women with sarcopenic obesity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of a progressive resistance exercise program with high-speed component on the physical function of older women with sarcopenic obesity: a randomized controlled trial

Vasconcelos

Dias

Araujo

et al. 2016

Braz. J. Phys. Ther.

100

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“…In a recent study, exercise combined with amino acid supplementation was most effective in improving muscle mass, strength and walking speed in women with sarcopenia [64]. Another strategy besides exercise and diet could include a pharmaceutical approach such as hormone therapy (growth hormone), since low levels of growth hormone are a risk factor for sarcopenia [65]. SO is a continuous process for years and decades, although it progresses and accelerates faster after the age of 60.…”

Section: Assessment and Definition Of Sarcopenic Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity and Sarcopenic Obesity: Definition, Assessment, Prevalence and Mechanism

et al. 2016

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Sarcopenic obesity is the coexistance of sarcopenia and obesity. Modern sarcopenia definition includes low muscle mass, weak muscle strength (handgrip strength) and poor physical function (slow walking), although the clinical definition of each varies worldwide. The cut-points for low muscle mass for men and women using appendicular lean mass divided by height (kg/m2) are ≤7.0 and ≤5.4 in Asians, and ≤7.23 and ≤5.67 in Caucasians, respectively. The cut-points for weak handgrip strength (kg) for men and women are <26 and <18 in Asians, and <30 and <20 in Caucasians, respectively. The cut-point for slow walking is ≤0.8 m/s in men and women. Current data suggest the potential benefits of physical activity and fitness on sarcopenic obesity in older adults.

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“…This will prove to be a huge burden for the health care system, not because of obesity itself but because of the associated complications such as coronary heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), cancers, and physical disability. In addition, obesity in older adults increases the risk of institutionalization and mortality [3]. The surge in obesity can be attributed to the changes in lifestyle, for instance, wide availability of high calorie food and decreased physical activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The FTO gene is associated with a paradoxically favorable cardiometabolic risk profile in frail, obese older adults

Armamento-Villareal

Wingkun²,

Aguirre³

et al. 2016

Pharmacogenetics and Genomics

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Objective Fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene polymorphisms have been reported to be associated with differences in body mass index (BMI), obesity, and type 2 diabetes. However, previous studies have been predominantly conducted in younger individuals across a spectrum of body weight while little information is available in the older population. We examined the association of FTO gene polymorphisms with cardiometabolic risks among adults who were both obese (BMI≥30 kg/m2) and older (age ≥65 years). Methods One-hundred-sixty-five frail, obese older adults were genotyped for FTO (rs9939609 and rs8050136) single nucleotide polymorphisms and studied for associations with body weight and body composition, components and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, insulin response to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and levels of adipocytokines (e.g. leptin) and vitamin D. Results Carriers of the A allele (CA/AA) of the FTO SNP rs8050136 had lower body weight, BMI, body fat, and trunk fat than those without the A allele (CC genotype) (all p<0.05). Moreover, genotype CA/AA was associated with lower levels of triglyceride and higher levels of HDL-cholesterol levels and had a trend for lower waist circumference, resulting in lower prevalence of the metabolic syndrome than genotype CC. The insulin area under the curve during the OGTT was lower in genotype CA/AA. Despite the lower insulin levels, the glucose area under the curve was unchanged, resulting in higher insulin sensitivity index. Leptin levels were also lower and adiponectin and 25-hydroxyvitamin levels tended to be higher in genotype CA/AA than genotype CC. No differences were observed for rs9939609. Conclusions Unlike results from studies in younger individuals, the risk A allele may confer a favorable cardiometabolic risk profile in obese older adults, suggesting selective survival of obese adults into old age. If confirmed in a larger sample of surviving obese older adults, these findings may have implications regarding clinical approach to obesity in this population.

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Sarcopenic obesity

Cited by 124 publications

References 83 publications

Effects of a progressive resistance exercise program with high-speed component on the physical function of older women with sarcopenic obesity: a randomized controlled trial

Effects of a progressive resistance exercise program with high-speed component on the physical function of older women with sarcopenic obesity: a randomized controlled trial

Physical Activity and Sarcopenic Obesity: Definition, Assessment, Prevalence and Mechanism

The FTO gene is associated with a paradoxically favorable cardiometabolic risk profile in frail, obese older adults

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