Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in children with acute otitis media– high risk of persistent colonization after treatment

Abstract

BackgroundDespite advances in the development of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, acute otitis media (AOM) is a common childhood infection, caused mainly by Streptococcus pneumoniae. It has been suggested that persistence of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage is a risk factor for subsequent recurrent infections.MethodsIn this study we evaluate the relationship between 55 pneumococcal strains obtained from nasopharynx/oropharynx (NP/OP) and middle ear fluid (MEF) of 62 children, aged between 1 and 16 years, during AOM (including recurrent/treatment failure AOM, and post-treatment visits), based on their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics performed by analyses of serotype, antibiotic susceptibility patterns and multilocus sequence typing.ResultsS.pneumoniae was isolated from 27.4% of MEF samples; it constituted 43.6% of all positive bacterial samples from MEF samples. There was statistically significant concordance between isolation from the MEF sample and NP/OP colonization by S. pneumoniae (p < 0.0001). During post-treatment visits S.pneumoniae was isolated from 20.8% of children; 91% of them were positive in pneumococcal NP/OP culture during AOM. The serotypes belonging to 10- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines constituted 84% and 92% of the strains, respectively. Multidrug resistance was found in 84% of the strains. According to multivariate analysis, pneumococcal colonization after antibiotic therapy was significantly associated with shorter length of therapy in children with bilateral AOM.ConclusionsHigh persistent prevalence of antibiotic-resistant S.pneumoniae strains in children with AOM after unsuccessful bacterial eradication may presumably be regarded as a predisposing factor of infection recurrence.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-018-3398-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Moraxella catarrhalis Promotes Stable Polymicrobial Biofilms With the Major Otopathogens

“…In addition to being the most common reason for doctor's office visits among children, AOM is also currently the most common reason for antibiotic use in the pediatric population. Recent studies have shown antibiotic resistance and decreased sensitivity developing among the major otopathogens (Pichichero, 2000a;Zielnik-Jurkiewicz and Bielicka, 2015;Sillanpaa et al, 2016;Korona-Glowniak et al, 2018). Further, the polymicrobial biofilms associated with AOM are incredibly resistant and difficult to treat using classic antibiotic protocols (Pichichero, 2000b;Leibovitz et al, 2003;Libson et al, 2005;Asher et al, 2008;Leibovitz, 2008;Korona-Glowniak et al, 2018).…”

Ruthenium Chloride—Induced Oxidative Cyclization of Trans-Resveratrol to (±)-ε-Viniferin and Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity Against Streptococcus pneumoniae

“…Antimicrobials inhibiting normal cells are made ineffective due to bacteria in biofilms growing slowly under nutrient- and aeration-depleted conditions (Davies, 2003). Resistance against commonly used antibiotics hampers treatment options (Korona-Glowniak et al, 2018). Consequently, new safe antimicrobials or antibiofilm agents that limit emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria are needed (Hurdle et al, 2011).…”

Panel 7 – Pathogenesis of otitis media – a review of the literature between 2015 and 2019

“…Significant work was published in the last four years that focused on antibiotic resistance of S. pneumoniae. Several studies investigated the antibiotic and antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates from multiple countries around the globe, these included Japan [35], Australia [36], Poland [37], Malaysia [38] and China [39]. Yang et al further investigated the specific effects of vancomycin treatment of S. pneumoniae via proteomic analysis [40].…”