Resistencia antimicrobiana de cepas comensales de Escherichia coli en niños de dos comunidades rurales peruanas

Alzamora, Maria; Echevarría, Andrea C.; Ferraro, Valeria M.; Riveros, Maribel; Zambruni, Mara; Ochoa, Theresa J.

doi:10.17843/rpmesp.2019.363.4366

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Resistance to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin was reported in E. coli recovered among children in a periurban population in Peru [ 14 ]. Likewise, there is evidence of AMR in enterobacteria found in children across different environments: rural towns of the Amazon and Andean regions, periurban slums in desert coastal cities, and villages in the Amazon region [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Nevertheless, most of the evidence for AMR in human populations is focused on urban and periurban settings rather than rural areas [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, there is evidence of AMR in enterobacteria found in children across different environments: rural towns of the Amazon and Andean regions, periurban slums in desert coastal cities, and villages in the Amazon region [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Nevertheless, most of the evidence for AMR in human populations is focused on urban and periurban settings rather than rural areas [ 15 ]. On the other hand, extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) production is common in E. coli and other enterobacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial Resistance in Humans, Animals, Water and Household Environs in Rural Andean Peru: Exploring Dissemination Pathways through the One Health Lens

Hartinger

Medina-Pizzali

Salmón-Mulanovich

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health threat, especially for low and middle-income countries (LMIC) where the threat has not been fully identified. Our study aims to describe E. coli AMR in rural communities to expand our knowledge on AMR bacterial contamination. Specifically, we aim to identify and describe potential dissemination routes of AMR-carrying bacteria in humans (children’s stools), community water sources (reservoirs and household sources), household environments (yard soil) and domestic animals of subsistence farmers in rural Andean areas. Our cross-sectional study was conducted in rural households in the region of Cajamarca, Peru. A total of 266 samples were collected. Thirty-four point six percent of reservoir water and 45% of household water source samples were positive for thermotolerant coliforms. Of the reservoir water samples, 92.8% were positive for E. coli, and 30.8% displayed resistance to at least one antibiotic, with the highest resistance to tetracycline. E. coli was found in 57.1% of the household water sources, 18.6% of these isolates were multidrug-resistant, and displayed the highest resistance to tetracycline (31.3%). Among samples from the children’s drinking water source, 32.5% were positive for thermotolerant coliforms, and 57.1% of them were E. coli. One third of E. coli isolates were multidrug-resistant and displayed the highest AMR to tetracycline (41.6%) and ampicillin (25%). Thermotolerant coliforms were found in all the soil samples, 43.3% of the isolates were positive for E. coli, 34.3% of the E. coli isolates displayed AMR to at least one antibiotic, and displayed the highest AMR to tetracycline (25.7%). We determined thermotolerant coliforms in 97.5% of the child feces samples; 45.3% of them were E. coli, 15.9% displayed multidrug resistance, and displayed the highest resistance to ampicillin (34.1%). We identified thermotolerant coliforms in 67.5% of the animal feces samples. Of those, 38.7% were E. coli, and 37.7% were resistant to at least one antibiotic. For all the samples, the prevalence of resistance to at least one antibiotic in the E. coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates was almost 43% and the prevalence of MDR in the same isolates was nearly 9%, yet the latter nearly doubled (15.9%) in children’s stools. Our results provide preliminary evidence for critical pathways and the interconnectedness of animal, human and environmental transmission but molecular analysis is needed to track dissemination routes properly.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance in Humans, Animals, Water and Household Environs in Rural Andean Peru: Exploring Dissemination Pathways through the One Health Lens

Hartinger

Medina-Pizzali

Salmón-Mulanovich

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…Three studies reported the AMR levels of human commensal E. coli. Of these, 1 analyzed samples from Lima [49], another samples from San Martin and Cusco [53], and the remaining study analyzed samples from 4 Peruvian departments, including Lima [52].…”

Section: Human Commensal Escherichia Colimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This scenario showing that the number of studies reporting the levels of AMR among human commensal E. coli in Peru are scarce and mostly outdated, with all but one referring E. coli collected before 2009, with this panorama also extended to the 3 non-included studies [28,49,50,51,52]. The remaining study analyzing isolates collected on 2014-2015 [53]. This scenario is probably common to a series of low-and middle-income countries for which this type of data is scarce or often unavailable.…”

Section: Human Commensal Escherichia Colimentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic susceptibility among non-clinical Escherichia coli as a marker of antibiotic pressure in Peru (2009–2019): one health approach

Castillo

Espinoza

Chaves

et al. 2022

Heliyon

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“…Specifically, in Latin America (LA), human and veterinary use of antibiotics is loosely regulated, and antibiotics are readily available over the counter without prescription [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]. In addition to urban clinical settings [ 23 , 24 , 25 ], rural environments have been linked to AMR in Latin America [ 17 , 26 , 27 ]. In such settings, small-scale animal farming is predominant [ 28 , 29 ] and animal excreta are a key driver of faecal contamination in domestic human environs [ 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance in Rural Settings in Latin America: A Scoping Review with a One Health Lens

Medina-Pizzali

Hartinger

Salmón-Mulanovich

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in rural Latin America is not fully understood. The transmission pathways are partially known since research predominantly focuses on the urban hospital setting. The contribution to AMR from environmental factors is usually only mentioned in large-scale animal production. To understand the state of the literature on AMR in rural LA, we carried out a scoping review using the One Health (OH) perspective. OH recognises the concomitant contributions and interconnectedness of humans, animal, and the environment, thus, we used the OH perspective to select those articles adopting a holistic view of the problem. We searched original articles in English, Spanish, and Portuguese in four peer-reviewed databases and included 21 publications in the analysis. We charted data on bibliometrics, design, data collection sources, and instruments. We identified the human, animal, and environmental contributions to AMR in rural locations, and information gaps on AMR transmission routes and AMR drivers. Intensive and non-intensive animal production systems and agricultural practices were the most frequently found human contributions to AMR. Poultry, swine, cattle, and fish were the most frequent livestock mentioned as sources of AMR bacteria. Animal carriage and/or transfer of AMR determinants or bacteria was recognised as the primary contribution of livestock to the problem, while water, soil, and farming were predominant environmental contributions. We found that only 1 article out of 21 considered the OH approach as a framework for their sampling scheme, whereas 5 out 21 discussed all the three OH components. There were hardly any descriptions of humans or human waste as reservoirs for AMR in rural locations, and rural health centres or hospitals and wildlife were not represented. No studies identified mining as an anthropogenic activity driving AMR. More OH-oriented studies, with emphasis on molecular approaches—for identification and comparison of AMR genes—are sorely needed to understand better the existence of a network of interconnected transmission routes in rural Latin America and provide efficient strategies to prevent further AMR emergence.

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Resistencia antimicrobiana de cepas comensales de Escherichia coli en niños de dos comunidades rurales peruanas

Abstract: Médico cirujano, b bióloga. El presente estudio forma parte de la tesis: Alzamora-Schmatz MC, Ferraro-Vidal VM, Echevarría-Rosas Morán AC. Resistencia a los antibióticos de cepas comensales de E. coli aisladas en heces de niños sanos de comunidades rurales del Perú.

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Antimicrobial Resistance in Humans, Animals, Water and Household Environs in Rural Andean Peru: Exploring Dissemination Pathways through the One Health Lens

Antimicrobial Resistance in Humans, Animals, Water and Household Environs in Rural Andean Peru: Exploring Dissemination Pathways through the One Health Lens

Antibiotic susceptibility among non-clinical Escherichia coli as a marker of antibiotic pressure in Peru (2009–2019): one health approach

Antimicrobial Resistance in Rural Settings in Latin America: A Scoping Review with a One Health Lens

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