Resolution of an immunodiagnostic dilemma: Heavy chain chimeric antibodies for species in which plasmocytomas are unknown

Butler, John E.; Wertz, Nancy; Sun, Xiuzhu; Lunney, Joan K.

doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2012.07.008

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This IgG, we believe, is encoded by downstream Cγ subclass genes such as IgG1 . Proving that the IgG response to S‐FLU in serum and BAL is indeed IgG1, or some other downstream Cγ gene, requires reliable subclass‐specific antibodies, which are not currently available; the anti‐IgG1 currently marketed is both pan‐specific and allotype‐biased …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 Proving that the IgG response to S-FLU in serum and BAL is indeed IgG1, or some other downstream Cc gene, requires reliable subclass-specific antibodies, which are not currently available; the anti-IgG1 currently marketed is both pan-specific and allotype-biased. 38 It is surprising that the IPP are also affected during S-FLU infection because S-FLU is not known to infect the gastrointestinal tract. Much aerosol-administered antigen in rabbits is ingested 39 so we suspect that during S-FLU infection, virus is shed from the nasal cavity and ingested.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antibody repertoire development in fetal and neonatal piglets. XVI. Influenza stimulates adaptive immunity, class switch and diversification of the IgG repertoire encoded by downstream Cγ genes

et al. 2013

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Summary Infection of germ‐free isolator piglets with swine influenza (S‐FLU) that generates dsRNA during replication causes elevation of immunoglobulins in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage, a very weak response to trinitrophenyl conjugates but an immune response to S‐FLU. The increased immunoglobulin levels result mainly from the polyclonal activation of B cells during the infection, but model antigen exposure may contribute. The 10‐fold increase in local and serum IgG accompanies a 10‐fold decrease in the transcription of IgG3 in the tracheal–bronchial lymph nodes and in the ileal Peyer's patches. Infection results in class switch recombination to downstream Cγ genes, which diversify their repertoire; both features are diagnostic of adaptive immunity. Meanwhile the repertoires of IgM and IgG3 remain undiversified suggesting that they encode innate, natural antibodies. Whereas IgG3 may play an initial protective role, antibodies encoded by downstream Cγ genes with diversified repertoires are predicted to be most important in long‐term protection against S‐FLU.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody repertoire development in fetal and neonatal piglets. XVI. Influenza stimulates adaptive immunity, class switch and diversification of the IgG repertoire encoded by downstream Cγ genes

et al. 2013

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“…To determine which subclass of IgG is involved would be extremely difficult. First, all commercially available mAbs to swine IgG are more or less pan specific [247]. Even if such reagents were available, those which bind the virus would almost certainly be a mixture, so most probably antibodies of all subclasses involved, albeit probably dominated by IgG1.…”

Section: Polyclonal B Cell Differentiation By-passes Germinal Center mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Perhaps the only way to truly test the effector function of the different IgG subclass antibodies seems at this point unjustifiable. This would require construction of chimeric antibodies for each subclass each with a binding site that recognizes a neutralizing epitope of PRRSV akin to the method we have described for expression and recovery of individual porcine IgG subclass proteins [247].…”

Section: Polyclonal B Cell Differentiation By-passes Germinal Center mentioning

confidence: 99%

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS): an immune dysregulatory pandemic

et al. 2014

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory disease syndrome (PRRS) is a viral pandemic that especially affects neonates within the "critical window" of immunological development. PRRS was recognized in 1987 and within a few years became pandemic causing an estimated yearly $600,000 economic loss in the USA with comparative losses in most other countries. The causative agent is a single-stranded, positive-sense enveloped arterivirus (PRRSV) that infects macrophages and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Despite the discovery of PRRSV in 1991 and the publication of >2,000 articles, the control of PRRS is problematic. Despite the large volume of literature on this disease, the cellular and molecular mechanisms describing how PRRSV dysregulates the host immune system are poorly understood. We know that PRRSV suppresses innate immunity and causes abnormal B cell proliferation and repertoire development, often lymphopenia and thymic atrophy. The PRRSV genome is highly diverse, rapidly evolving but amenable to the generation of many mutants and chimeric viruses for experimental studies. PRRSV only replicates in swine which adds to the experimental difficulty since no inbred well-defined animal models are available. In this article, we summarize current knowledge and apply it toward developing a series of provocative and testable hypotheses to explain how PRRSV immunomodulates the porcine immune system with the goal of adding new perspectives on this disease.

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“…Purified protein and antibody reagents are increasingly available to elucidate immune developmental and regulatory pathways in animal species, as are molecular tools and sequence data for characterization of humoral and cellular immune effector functions (Butler, 1998; Butler et al, 2006; Butler et al, 2001; Butler et al, 2009; Butler et al, 2004; Eguchi-Ogawa et al, 2009; Eguchi-Ogawa et al, 2012; Eguchi-Ogawa et al, 2010; Honma et al, 2003; Schwartz et al, 2012a, b; Sinkora et al, 2002; Uenishi et al, 2009). Methods for recombinant antibody expression and tetramers for antigen-specific T-cell responses in swine have been developed (Butler et al, 2013; Patch et al, 2011). These advances significantly enhance vaccine development by providing mechanistic models for interpretation of experimental data, and use of surrogate immunological endpoints that predict in vivo outcomes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in swine immunology help move vaccine technology forward

Murtaugh

2014

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

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In veterinary animal species, vaccines are the primary tool for disease prevention, a key tool for treatment of infection, and essential for helping maintain animal welfare and productivity. Traditional vaccine development by trial-and-error has achieved many successes. However, effective vaccines that provide solid cross-protective immunity with excellent safety are still needed for many diseases. The path to development of vaccines against difficult pathogens requires recognition of uniquely evolved immunological interactions of individual animal hosts and their specific pathogens. Here, general principles that currently guide veterinary immunology and vaccinology research are reviewed, with an emphasis on examples from swine. Advances in genomics and proteomics now provide the community with powerful tools for elucidation of regulatory and effector mechanisms of protective immunity that provide new opportunities for successful translation of immunological discoveries into safe and effective vaccines.

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Resolution of an immunodiagnostic dilemma: Heavy chain chimeric antibodies for species in which plasmocytomas are unknown

Cited by 13 publications

References 46 publications

Antibody repertoire development in fetal and neonatal piglets. XVI. Influenza stimulates adaptive immunity, class switch and diversification of the IgG repertoire encoded by downstream Cγ genes

Antibody repertoire development in fetal and neonatal piglets. XVI. Influenza stimulates adaptive immunity, class switch and diversification of the IgG repertoire encoded by downstream Cγ genes

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS): an immune dysregulatory pandemic

Advances in swine immunology help move vaccine technology forward

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