Resolved UV and [C ii] Structures of Luminous Galaxies within the Epoch of Reionization

Matthee, Jorryt; Sobral, David; Boogaard, Leindert; Röttgering, H. J. A.; Vallini, L.; Ferrara, Andrea; Paulino-Afonso, Ana; Boone, F.; Schaerer, D.; Mobasher, Bahram

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab2f81

Cited by 107 publications

(184 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Other sources can have a very bright Lyman α line, which has a lot of weight in the determination of the redshift. While [CII] traces the gas in the galaxy and is very close to the systemic velocity, Lyman α radiative transfer is complex and can produce significant offsets (e.g., Steidel et al 2010;Faisst et al 2016;Matthee et al 2017Matthee et al , 2019Carniani et al 2018b;Verhamme et al 2018;Pahl et al 2020;Behrens et al 2019). A complete analysis of the origins of these offsets is presented in Faisst et al (2020).…”

Section: Offsets Between Optical and [Cii] Redshiftsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey: Data processing, catalogs, and statistical source properties

Béthermin

Fudamoto

Ginolfi

et al. 2020

A&A

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The Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) Large Program to INvestigate [CII] at Early times (ALPINE) targets the [CII] 158 μm line and the far-infrared continuum in 118 spectroscopically confirmed star-forming galaxies between z = 4.4 and z = 5.9. It represents the first large [CII] statistical sample built in this redshift range. We present details regarding the data processing and the construction of the catalogs. We detected 23 of our targets in the continuum. To derive accurate infrared luminosities and obscured star formation rates (SFRs), we measured the conversion factor from the ALMA 158 μm rest-frame dust continuum luminosity to the total infrared luminosity (LIR) after constraining the dust spectral energy distribution by stacking a photometric sample similar to ALPINE in ancillary single-dish far-infrared data. We found that our continuum detections have a median LIR of 4.4 × 1011 L⊙. We also detected 57 additional continuum sources in our ALMA pointings. They are at a lower redshift than the ALPINE targets, with a mean photometric redshift of 2.5 ± 0.2. We measured the 850 μm number counts between 0.35 and 3.5 mJy, thus improving the current interferometric constraints in this flux density range. We found a slope break in the number counts around 3 mJy with a shallower slope below this value. More than 40% of the cosmic infrared background is emitted by sources brighter than 0.35 mJy. Finally, we detected the [CII] line in 75 of our targets. Their median [CII] luminosity is 4.8 × 108 L⊙ and their median full width at half maximum is 252 km s−1. After measuring the mean obscured SFR in various [CII] luminosity bins by stacking ALPINE continuum data, we find a good agreement between our data and the local and predicted SFR–L[CII] relations.

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Section: Offsets Between Optical and [Cii] Redshiftsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey: Data processing, catalogs, and statistical source properties

Béthermin

Fudamoto

Ginolfi

et al. 2020

A&A

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“…There is evidence for the brightest LAEs at z ∼ 7 being mergers unobscured by dust, while structures with similar Lyα luminosity at z = 2 − 3 show heavy obscura-tion (see e.g. Matthee et al 2019). This might be possible under much more metal poor conditions, together with hard and intense radiation fields that limit dust production or even destroy dust very effectively, with consequences for even the escape of LyC photons at high redshift.…”

Section: The Rise Of the Lae Agn Fraction With Lyα Evolves With Redshiftmentioning

confidence: 99%

The X-ray and radio activity of typical and luminous Ly α emitters from z ∼ 2 to z ∼ 6: evidence for a diverse, evolving population

Calhau

Sobral

Santos

et al. 2020

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Despite recent progress in understanding Lyα emitters (LAEs), relatively little is known regarding their typical black hole activity across cosmic time. Here, we study the X-ray and radio properties of ∼4000 LAEs at 2.2 < z < 6 from the SC4K survey in the COSMOS field. By exploring deep Chandra Legacy data, we reach an X-ray luminosity of ∼ 10 42.4 erg s −1 for the deepest, full sample stack of ∼480 Ms. We detect 254 (6.8% ± 0.4%) of the LAEs individually in the X-rays (S/N>3) and find an average luminosity of 10 44.07±0.01 erg s −1 and an average black hole accretion rate (BHAR) of 0.42 ± 0.01 M yr −1 , consistent with moderate to high accreting AGN. We detect 120 sources in deep radio data, implying a LAE radio AGN fraction of 3.2% ± 0.3%. Approximately half of the LAEs detected in the radio are also detected in the X-rays, resulting in a total AGN fraction of 8.6% ± 0.4% for L * LyαLAEs. The total AGN fraction rises with Lyα luminosity and declines with increasing redshift. For AGN, we find that Lyα luminosities correlate with the BHARs, suggesting that Lyα luminosity becomes an accretion rate indicator. Most LAEs (93.1% ± 0.6%) at 2 < z < 6 have no detectable X-ray emission (BHARs< 0.009 M yr −1 ). We estimate the median star formation rate (SFR) of star-forming LAEs from Lyα and radio luminosities and find a SFR of 5.6 +6.6 −2.8 M yr −1 . The black hole to galaxy growth ratio (BHAR/SFR) for LAEs is < 0.0016, consistent with typical star forming galaxies and the local BHAR/SFR relation. We conclude that LAEs at 2 < z < 6 include two different populations: an AGN population, where Lyα luminosity traces BHAR, making them bright in Lyα, and another with low SFRs which remain undetected in even the deepest X-ray stacks but is detected in the radio stacks.

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“…The data are reduced following the method outlined in Matthee et al (2019). This means that individual calibrated and flat-fielded images are registered to the astrometric reference frame of the GAIA DR2 data by matching the HST detections with Ks band data (see above) and finding the best astrometric solution with scamp (Bertin 2006).…”

Section: Hst/wfc3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Matthee et al 2017b;Carniani et al 2018a). Spatially resolved studies indicate varying line-ratios and line-to-continuum ratios (Carniani et al 2017;Matthee et al 2019;Bakx et al 2020). [CII] emission is also reported to be significantly more extended than the UV continuum (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The nature of CR7 revealed with MUSE: a young starburst powering extended Ly α emission at z = 6.6

Matthee

Pezzulli

Mackenzie

et al. 2020

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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CR7 is among the most luminous Lyman-α emitters (LAEs) known at z = 6.6 and consists of at least three UV components that are surrounded by Lyman-α (Lyα) emission. Previous studies have suggested that it may host an extreme ionising source. Here, we present deep integral field spectroscopy of CR7 with VLT/MUSE. We measure extended emission with a similar halo scale length as typical LAEs at z ≈ 5. CR7’s Lyα halo is clearly elongated along the direction connecting the multiple components, likely tracing the underlying gas distribution. The Lyα emission originates almost exclusively from the brightest UV component, but we also identify a faint kinematically distinct Lyα emitting region nearby a fainter component. Combined with new near-infrared data, the MUSE data show that the rest-frame Lyα equivalent width (EW) is ≈100 Å. This is a factor four higher than the EW measured in low-redshift analogues with carefully matched Lyα profiles (and thus arguably HI column density), but this EW can plausibly be explained by star formation. Alternative scenarios requiring AGN powering are also disfavoured by the narrower and steeper Lyα spectrum and much smaller IR to UV ratio compared to obscured AGN in other Lyα blobs. CR7’s Lyα emission, while extremely luminous, resembles the emission in more common LAEs at lower redshifts very well and is likely powered by a young metal poor starburst.

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Resolved UV and [C ii] Structures of Luminous Galaxies within the Epoch of Reionization

Cited by 107 publications

References 104 publications

The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey: Data processing, catalogs, and statistical source properties

The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey: Data processing, catalogs, and statistical source properties

The X-ray and radio activity of typical and luminous Ly α emitters from z ∼ 2 to z ∼ 6: evidence for a diverse, evolving population

The nature of CR7 revealed with MUSE: a young starburst powering extended Ly α emission at z = 6.6

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