Resonance Absorption by Nuclear Magnetic Moments in a Solid

Purcell, Edward M.; Torrey, H. C.; Pound, R. V.

doi:10.1103/physrev.69.37

Cited by 5,634 publications

(2,636 citation statements)

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“…Based on the fundamental observations of Zeeman (1897) and Gerlach & Stern (1922), Isaac Rabi discovered the magnetic properties of nuclei in 1936 and developed a resonance method for their detection. Bloch (1946) and Purcell et al (1946) independently discovered the magnetic resonance of nuclei and the 'Bloch equations' were formulated. Later on, Gutowsky et al (1953) and McConnell (1958) revised the Bloch equations to account for exchange effects between different sites in a molecule.…”

Section: Development Of Nmr Spectroscopy For Quantification Of Proteimentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein dynamics and function from solution state NMR spectroscopy

Kovermann

Rogne

Wolf‐Watz

2016

Quart. Rev. Biophys.

148

122

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Abstract. It is well-established that dynamics are central to protein function; their importance is implicitly acknowledged in the principles of the Monod, Wyman and Changeux model of binding cooperativity, which was originally proposed in 1965. Nowadays the concept of protein dynamics is formulated in terms of the energy landscape theory, which can be used to understand protein folding and conformational changes in proteins. Because protein dynamics are so important, a key to understanding protein function at the molecular level is to design experiments that allow their quantitative analysis. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is uniquely suited for this purpose because major advances in theory, hardware, and experimental methods have made it possible to characterize protein dynamics at an unprecedented level of detail. Unique features of NMR include the ability to quantify dynamics (i) under equilibrium conditions without external perturbations, (ii) using many probes simultaneously, and (iii) over large time intervals. Here we review NMR techniques for quantifying protein dynamics on fast (ps-ns), slow (μs-ms), and very slow (s-min) time scales. These techniques are discussed with reference to some major discoveries in protein science that have been made possible by NMR spectroscopy.

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Section: Development Of Nmr Spectroscopy For Quantification Of Proteimentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein dynamics and function from solution state NMR spectroscopy

Kovermann

Rogne

Wolf‐Watz

2016

Quart. Rev. Biophys.

148

122

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“…It has been recognized for some time that, in contrast to the homogeneity exhibited by the vacuum electromagnetic modes in free space, surfaces and nanostructured environments can sculpt the local electromagnetic mode density or local density of optical states (LDOS). A manifestation of this modification, as first pointed out by Purcell [1], is that the excited state lifetime of a quantum object is not an immutable property, but depends sensitively on the system's . Important for the present work is that the NV center exhibits stable photoluminescence at room temperature (unlike most quantum dots that suffer from blinking) and the center's optical properties are preserved when the diamond host takes the form of a nanocrystal.…”

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Nanoscale Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging of an Optical Antenna with a Single Diamond NV Center

et al. 2013

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Abstract:Solid-state quantum emitters, such as artificially engineered quantum dots or naturally occurring defects in solids, are being investigated for applications ranging from quantum information science and optoelectronics to biomedical imaging. Recently, these same systems have also been studied from the perspective of nanoscale metrology. In this letter we study the near-field optical properties of a diamond nanocrystal hosting a single nitrogen vacancy center. We find that the nitrogen vacancy center is a sensitive probe of the surrounding electromagnetic mode structure. We exploit this sensitivity to demonstrate nanoscale fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) with a single nitrogen vacancy center by imaging the local density of states of an optical antenna.Controlled interaction of light and matter at the nanoscale requires a detailed understanding of the local electromagnetic mode distribution. It has been recognized for some time that, in contrast to the homogeneity exhibited by the vacuum electromagnetic modes in free space, surfaces and nanostructured environments can sculpt the local electromagnetic mode density or local density of optical states (LDOS). A manifestation of this modification, as first pointed out by Purcell [1], is that the excited state lifetime of a quantum object is not an immutable property, but depends sensitively on the system's . Important for the present work is that the NV center exhibits stable photoluminescence at room temperature (unlike most quantum dots that suffer from blinking) and the center's optical properties are preserved when the diamond host takes the form of a nanocrystal. In the following we exploit the previous features to demonstrate, for the first time, the suitability of the NV center for nanoscale FLIM by imaging a nanoscale optical antenna [28].The top panel of Fig. 1a presents an illustration of the FLIM concept. In the first modality a single quantum system (the "probe") is affixed to the vertex of a nanoscale tip and a sample to be interrogated (the "object") is scanned in close proximity to the emitter. The object perturbs the local electromagnetic environment of the probe and modifies its excited state dynamics that can be recorded as a function of the object's x-y coordinates to build an image. A second approach, followed in the present work, is to fix the probe in space, see bottom panel of Fig. 1a, and scan the object through the focus. Again, by monitoring the probe lifetime an image can be recorded. In our experiments a single NV center in a diamond nanocrystal is our probe of the nanoscale LDOS created by the object.

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“…The interaction of localized, enhanced electromagnetic fields with single emitters-here single CdSe/ZnS quantum dots-provides the possibility of gaining control over the fundamental opto-electronic response functions, such as the spontaneous emission rate of photons of the quantum system. The spontaneous emission rate is modified due to changes in the density of states of the photon-accepting photonic modes of the environment [18]. Creating a spatio-temporal optoelectronic hybrid structure in the weak coupling regime may lead to an enhanced spontaneous emission rate while the photoluminescence quantum yield stays unperturbed at near unity [16,19].…”

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Bow-tie optical antenna probes for single-emitter scanning near-field optical microscopy

et al. 2007

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A method for the fabrication of bow-tie optical antennas at the apex of pyramidal Si 3 N 4 atomic force microscopy tips is described. We demonstrate that these novel optical probes are capable of sub-wavelength imaging of single quantum dots at room temperature. The enhanced and confined optical near-field at the antenna feed gap leads to locally enhanced photoluminescence (PL) of single quantum dots. Photoluminescence quenching due to the proximity of metal is found to be insignificant. The method holds promise for single quantum emitter imaging and spectroscopy at spatial resolution limited by the engineered antenna gap width exclusively.High-precision engineering of prototype devices that show function through their design and high complexity is a key target of applied nanoscale science and nanotechnology. Resonant optical antennas in the field of nano-photonics, with their architecture stimulated by their radio frequency counterparts, synergistically combine (i) electromagnetic field confinement and enhancement defined by the size of their feed gap width and (ii) impedance matching of optical waves mediated by the effective length of their antenna arms [1]. The control of sub-wavelength confined and enhanced optical fields pushes the limit in optical characterization [2][3][4] manipulation [5][6][7], and optimization of single nanoscale light sources for information processing [8][9][10][11] on the nanometre scale. In particular, the impedance matching of optical waves opens an efficient pathway to transfer near-field information into the optical far-field, and vice versa [12].In this paper, we present a strategy for designing bow-tie optical antennas at the apex of Si 3 N 4 atomic force microscopy (AFM) cantilever tips. We demonstrate that, even in this complex geometry, it is possible to control key antenna parameters such as overall length and width of the feed gap by focused-ion-beam milling. Merging well-established scanning probe technology with the concept of resonant optical antennas [13,14] leads to a powerful new method of scanning optical microscopy in which an engineered optical hot spot is used as an optical probe [15]. We demonstrate the application of scanning optical antennas to the imaging of single quantum dots at room temperature. We show that the emission of individual quantum dots is enhanced when scanned across the antenna feed gap while concomitantly their excited-state lifetime is reduced. The field confinement, characterized by

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Resonance Absorption by Nuclear Magnetic Moments in a Solid

Cited by 5,634 publications

References 2 publications

Protein dynamics and function from solution state NMR spectroscopy

Protein dynamics and function from solution state NMR spectroscopy

Nanoscale Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging of an Optical Antenna with a Single Diamond NV Center

Bow-tie optical antenna probes for single-emitter scanning near-field optical microscopy

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