Resonant production of dark photons from axion without a large coupling

Abstract

Dark photons could be produced resonantly by the oscillating axion field in the early universe. This resonant production mechanism has been used in various contexts, including dark photon dark matter and primordial magnetic field production. However, for this resonant production to work in an expanding universe, a large axion-dark photon coupling is required, which is not easy to realize in terms of model building and requires the introduction of many charged fermions and/or the complex clockwork mechanism. In this paper, we present a new scenario that efficiently produces dark photons from the axion with a much smaller coupling. This is possible by modifying the dynamics of axion and significantly delaying the onset of oscillations, as in the so-called trapped misalignment mechanism. As a specific example, we consider models in which dark photon production occurs efficiently despite the small axion-dark photon coupling by temporally trapping an axion in a wrong minimum and releasing it after the Hubble parameter becomes much smaller than the axion mass. In this scenario, it is expected that the polarization asymmetry of dark photons and gravitational waves generated from dark photons will be significantly reduced.

Universal Matter Synthesis and Management via Constructive Resonance: Pioneering Advancements in Physical Sciences and Applied Systems

“…Moreover, we postulate the resonant production of Dark photons, potentially catalysed by the oscillating axion field during the early stages of the universe. This resonant production mechanism has been employed in various contexts, encompassing phenomena like dark photons, dark matter, and the generation of primordial magnetic fields (Agrawal, Kitajima, Reece, Sekiguchi, & Takahashi, 2020;Kitajima & Takahashi, 2023). It is paramount to emphasize that throughout our discourse, the term "information consciousness vector" invariably refers to the cumulative behavioural information pertaining to mass, energy, vibrational frequency, and position.…”