Resource Development and the Perpetuation of Poverty in Rural Laos

Lagerqvist, Yayoi Fujita; Woollacott, Laura; Phasouysaingam, Avakat; Souliyavong, Southida

doi:10.1080/00049182.2014.930006

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Laos currently has 24 PAs covering approximately 18% of the country, three of which have recently been upgraded to national parks (MoNRE, 2016;World Bank, 2020a, 2020b. Despite having important impacts on local residents, including historical measures of eviction and overlaps with customary land, and although the inequitable distribution of livelihood consequences from commercialisation and conservation is of major importance (Castella et al, 2013;Lagerqvist et al, 2014;Newby et al, 2014), only a few studies have explored the livelihood implications of Laos' agricultural transformation for people living in the vicinity of PAs (Ingalls & Dwyer, 2016;Martin et al, 2018), most doing so indirectly when investigating land-use change (Castella et al, 2013;Cole et al, 2019).…”

Section: Study Area: Nam Et-phou Louey National Park and Villagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large Differences in Livelihood Responses and Outcomes to Increased Conservation Enforcement in a Protected Area

et al. 2021

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Despite the popularity of integrated conservation and development approaches to protected area management, adjacent communities increasingly face livelihood dilemmas. Yet understanding of how market processes and conservation enforcement interact to influence livelihood responses remains limited. Targeting eight villages in Nam Et-Phou Louey (NEPL) National Park in northern Lao PDR, we draw on survey data with 255 households, 93 semi-structured interviews, and meso-level data on village conditions to examine how residents navigate associated livelihood dilemmas. A cluster analysis reveals five livelihood types with divergent capacities to engage in market development and cope with enforcement pressures. We show how market linkages, historical conservation interventions, and local access conditions shape livelihoods and differences between villages. Our approach yields a nuanced picture of how global conservation efforts result in an uneven distribution of costs and benefits at local scales. Conservation measures must account for highly divergent capacities to cope with access loss and diversify livelihoods.

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Section: Study Area: Nam Et-phou Louey National Park and Villagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large Differences in Livelihood Responses and Outcomes to Increased Conservation Enforcement in a Protected Area

et al. 2021

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“…The plantation and agribusiness concessions may increase local inhabitants' vulnerability to floods by diminishing the livelihoods options due to restricted possibilities for upland activities, including the collection of non-timber forest products (Friis et al 2016;Lagerqvist et al 2014;Thulstrup 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From divide to nexus: Interconnected land use and water governance changes shaping risks related to water

et al. 2018

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Land use changes have been recognized to have considerable impacts on water; and vice versa, changes in water use and governance may have implications on land use and governance. This study analyzes recent land use/land cover (LULC) changes, and how changes in land use and water governance are perceived to affect land use and water-related risks in three case-study areas exposed to frequent flooding and inadequate or deteriorating water quality. The areas studied included the Vantaa basin in Finland, a section of the Grijalva basin in Mexico, and the Lower Xe Bang Fai basin in Laos. We show how there are complex and context-specific interrelationships between land use, water governance, and waterrelated risks in each study area. In a remote sensing analysis of LULC changes during the past 30 years, we found that LULC changes have been the most dramatic in Xe Bang Fai, Laos in the form of expanding agriculture and built-up areas; however, there has also been an expansion of built-up areas in the two other sites. According to our stakeholder scenario workshop data, analysis of policy documents and field visits, the nexus between land, water and risks is recognized to some extent in each study area. There have been modest shifts toward more integrated land use and water governance in Vantaa and Grijalva, while the integrated governance seems to have been most absent in Xe Bang Fai. Tighter integration of land and water policies is needed in all the three cases to manage the land use changes in a way that their effects on water-related risks will be minimized.

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“…Critical geographers identify the close linkage between enclosure and expropriation of land and resources in line with Karl Marx's concept of primitive accumulation (Baird, 2011;Fujita Lagerqvist et al, 2014;Lund, 2011;Neef, 2016). According to Perelman (2007), as significant populations in the Global South have not yet fully integrated into the wage-labor economy, primitive accumulation persists and "involves the direct expropriation of people's conditions of production, the purposeful forcing of people into wage labor, and the intentional manipulation of the social division of labor" (p. 59).…”

Section: Frontier Resourcificationmentioning

confidence: 92%

Locating Discourses and Narratives for Intervention

Kelly

2021

Critical Landscape Planning During the Belt and Road Initiative

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This chapter, Locating discourses and narratives for intervention, argues that planners and designers engaging in “critical” landscape planning need a proactive, rigorous and reflective approach to assembling the discourses in their projects. Drawing from a selection of articles on the recent political economy and ecology of Laos from post-development theory, cultural anthropology, sociology, political science, political geography, and political ecology, we survey four areas that function as conceptual drivers of the strategic planning proposals featured in Part Two of this book. These areas are (1) The politics of land-use planning and its deployment in the state’s territorial strategies; (2) A brief recounting of origins, since the 1980s, of the paradigm of sustainable development as it was imposed on regulatory institutions of the Global South; (3) The ways large-scale resource extraction is reproduced at capitalism’s frontiers via complex and overlapping patchworks of relations between large-scale infrastructures, state land concessions, and their administration at various scales; and (4) Discourse on “infrastructure” as a concept and our capacity to plan and assess it. These sections are held together by their constructivist and critical theory approaches, focus on the means and ends of neoliberalism, and undercurrents of authority, expertise and the politics of intervention.

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Resource Development and the Perpetuation of Poverty in Rural Laos

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

Large Differences in Livelihood Responses and Outcomes to Increased Conservation Enforcement in a Protected Area

Large Differences in Livelihood Responses and Outcomes to Increased Conservation Enforcement in a Protected Area

From divide to nexus: Interconnected land use and water governance changes shaping risks related to water

Locating Discourses and Narratives for Intervention

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