Resource efficiency analysis through planetary boundary-based life cycle assessment: a case study of sugarcane in Pakistan

Abstract

Purpose Extensive agriculture activities for crop production have led to increasing environmental impacts that threaten to exceed environmentally safe limits. The purpose of this study is to analyze resource efficiency of the agri-food industry, considering the case of sugarcane production in Pakistan. Methods A holistic approach has been applied by determining the relevant impact categories and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and linking them with Planetary Boundary-based Life Cycle Assessment (PB-LCA). Both the spatially generic and spatially resolved approaches were considered with application of different sharing principles. Results and discussion Application of different sharing principles showed high variations in the assigned share of the safe operating space values. When taking a spatially generic approach, most of the impacts (except marine eutrophication and water consumption) were within the safe operating space for equal per capita, economic, caloric, and grandfathering sharing principles. However, all the impacts exceeded their limits considering the agri-land sharing and land use impact surpassed its budget considering the grandfathering sharing. In the spatially resolved approach, most of the impact values surpassed the available budgets. Furthermore, the failure to attain the pertinent SDG targets from a PB-LCA perspective is indicated by the exceeding of safe operating space for relevant impact categories. Conclusions Overall, the production of sugarcane was found to be unsustainable, requiring urgent action to promote resource improvement and contain the impacts within safe limits. The developed framework enabled the evaluation of the SDGs using PB-LCA at the product level. The target-driven impact reduction values would help in achieving the targets and prioritizing the efforts by making informed decisions for reducing impacts within safe limits. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11367-023-02185-7.

Integrating Absolute Sustainability and Social Sustainability in the Digital Product Passport to Promote Industry 5.0

“…In particular, they defined the link between the environmental impact categories of the EF method and the PBs, as well as the numerical values of the environmental impact indicators thresholds based on the PBs, which are summarized in Table 2. Other remarkable works concerning the integration of the LCA methodology and PBs framework can be found in [2,[63][64][65]. To make the DPP a real sustainability tool for supporting Industry 5.0, it should include, on one hand, the environmental impact indicators of each relevant product lifecycle, phase together with the associated threshold values.…”

The role of developing and emerging economies in sustainable food systems

“…Finally, Ghani et al (2023) analyzed resource efficiency of sugarcane production in Pakistan using a planetary boundarybased LCA (PB-LCA), following the methodological framework presented by Bjørn and Hauschild (2015). A total of 5 impact categories were included in the study to account for 6 sustainable development goals.…”