Respiratory Bidirectional Ultrasonic TOF Flow Sensor Resilience to Ambient Temperature Fluctuations

Low-Hardware Consumption, Resolution-Configurable Gray Code Oscillator Time-to-Digital Converters Implemented in 16 nm, 20 nm, and 28 nm FPGAs

“…ime-to-digital converters (TDCs) are simply high-precision time-interval meters, converting a time interval (TI) into a digital code. (R2, comment 1) They are widely used in industrial and scientific applications, including light detection and ranging (LiDAR) for automatic vehicles and robotics [1]- [3], 3-D imaging [4]- [6], surveying [7], Raman spectroscopy [8], [9], hardware trojan detection [10], temperature sensing [11], [12], random number generation [13], [14], particle physics [15]- [17], positron emission tomography (PET) [18], fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) [19] and space sciences [20].…”

Laser Direct Writing of Flexible Thermal Flow Sensors

“…The past decade has witnessed the development of various categories of flow sensors, − which aim to perceive the flying of aircrafts, monitor the blood flow, or measure hydrodynamics etc . These flow sensors typically operate based on piezoresistive, , acoustic, and optical principles . In particular, flexible thermal flow sensors with the characteristics of high sensitivity, fast response, and light weight have attracted extensive research attentions, which measures the flow primarily based on the principle of heat transfer. , The intensity of the flow rate is achieved via calculating the relationship of heat exchange between the flow and heaters.…”